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MIDI
These snippets illustrate the Notation Reference, section MIDI output.
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Changing MIDI output to one channel per voice
When outputting MIDI, the default behavior is for each staff to represent one MIDI channel, with all the voices on a staff amalgamated. This minimizes the risk of running out of MIDI channels, since there are only 16 available per track.
However, by moving the Staff_performer to the Voice
context, each voice on a staff can have its own MIDI channel, as is
demonstrated by the following example: despite being on the same staff,
two MIDI channels are created, each with a different
midiInstrument.
\score {
\new Staff <<
\new Voice \relative c''' {
\set midiInstrument = #"flute"
\voiceOne
\key g \major
\time 2/2
r2 g-"Flute" ~
g fis ~
fis4 g8 fis e2 ~
e4 d8 cis d2
}
\new Voice \relative c'' {
\set midiInstrument = #"clarinet"
\voiceTwo
b1-"Clarinet"
a2. b8 a
g2. fis8 e
fis2 r
}
>>
\layout { }
\midi {
\context {
\Staff
\remove "Staff_performer"
}
\context {
\Voice
\consists "Staff_performer"
}
\context {
\Score
tempoWholesPerMinute = #(ly:make-moment 72 2)
}
}
}
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Changing the tempo without a metronome mark
To change the tempo in MIDI output without printing anything, make the metronome mark invisible.
\score {
\new Staff \relative c' {
\tempo 4 = 160
c4 e g b
c4 b d c
\set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t
\tempo 4 = 96
d,4 fis a cis
d4 cis e d
}
\layout { }
\midi { }
}
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Demo MidiInstruments
Problem: How to know which midiInstrument would be best for your
composition? Solution: A LilyPond demo file.
\header {
title = "Demo of all midi sounds"
arranger = "Myself "
}
baseMelody = \relative c' {
c4.\mf g c16 b' c d
e16 d e f g4 g'4 r
R1
}
melody = {
\tempo 4 = 150
\baseMelody
}
\score {
\new Staff <<
\new Voice \melody
>>
\layout { }
}
\score {
\new Staff <<
\new Voice {
r\mf
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"acoustic grand" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"bright acoustic" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric grand" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"honky-tonk" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric piano 1" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric piano 2" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harpsichord" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"clav" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"celesta" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"glockenspiel" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"music box" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"vibraphone" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"marimba" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"xylophone" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"dulcimer" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"drawbar organ" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"percussive organ" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"rock organ" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"church organ" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"reed organ" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"accordion" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harmonica" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"concertina" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"acoustic guitar (nylon)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"acoustic guitar (steel)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric guitar (jazz)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric guitar (clean)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric guitar (muted)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"overdriven guitar" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"distorted guitar" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"acoustic bass" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric bass (finger)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric bass (pick)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fretless bass" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"slap bass 1" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"slap bass 2" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synth bass 1" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synth bass 2" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"violin" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"viola" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"cello" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"contrabass" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tremolo strings" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pizzicato strings" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"orchestral strings" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"timpani" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"string ensemble 1" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"string ensemble 2" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synthstrings 1" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synthstrings 2" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"choir aahs" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"voice oohs" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synth voice" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"orchestra hit" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"trumpet" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"trombone" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tuba" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"muted trumpet" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"french horn" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"brass section" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synthbrass 1" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synthbrass 2" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"soprano sax" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"alto sax" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tenor sax" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"baritone sax" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"oboe" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"english horn" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"bassoon" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"clarinet" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piccolo" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"flute" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"recorder" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pan flute" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"blown bottle" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"shakuhachi" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"whistle" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"ocarina" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 1 (square)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 2 (sawtooth)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 3 (calliope)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 4 (chiff)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 5 (charang)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 6 (voice)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 7 (fifths)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 8 (bass+lead)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 1 (new age)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 2 (warm)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 3 (polysynth)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 4 (choir)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 5 (bowed)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 6 (metallic)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 7 (halo)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 8 (sweep)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 1 (rain)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 2 (soundtrack)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 3 (crystal)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 4 (atmosphere)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 5 (brightness)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 6 (goblins)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 7 (echoes)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 8 (sci-fi)" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"sitar" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"banjo" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"shamisen" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"koto" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"kalimba" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"bagpipe" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fiddle" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"shanai" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tinkle bell" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"agogo" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"steel drums" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"woodblock" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"taiko drum" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"melodic tom" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synth drum" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"reverse cymbal" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"guitar fret noise" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"breath noise" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"seashore" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"bird tweet" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"telephone ring" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"helicopter" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"applause" \melody
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"gunshot" \melody
}
>>
\midi { }
}
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