#!/usr/bin/env perl
# $Id: tlmgr.pl 15761 2009-10-11 08:00:42Z preining $
#
# Copyright 2008, 2009 Norbert Preining
# This file is licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2
# or any later version.
#

my $svnrev = '$Revision: 15761 $';
my $datrev = '$Date: 2009-10-11 10:00:42 +0200 (Sun, 11 Oct 2009) $';
my $tlmgrrevision;
if ($svnrev =~ m/: ([0-9]+) /) {
  $tlmgrrevision = $1;
} else {
  $tlmgrrevision = "unknown";
}
$datrev =~ s/^.*Date: //;
$datrev =~ s/ \(.*$//;
$tlmgrrevision .= " ($datrev)";

our $Master;
our $ismain;
our $loadmediasrcerror;
our $packagelogfile;
our $packagelogged;

BEGIN {
  $^W = 1;
  $ismain = (__FILE__ eq $0);
  # WARNING
  # The only use anticipated for tlmgr.pl as library for the 2009 release
  # is the Windows w32client prototype script.
  # Unix-specific problems with use as library will probably go undetected.

  # make subprograms (including kpsewhich) have the right path:
  my ($bindir, $kpsewhichname);
  if ($^O =~ /^MSWin/i) {
    # on win32 $0 and __FILE__ point directly to tlmgr.pl; they can be relative
    $Master = __FILE__;
    $Master =~ s!\\!/!g;
    $Master =~ s![^/]*$!../../..!
      unless ($Master =~ s!/texmf/scripts/texlive/tlmgr\.pl$!!i);
    $bindir = "$Master/bin/win32";
    $kpsewhichname = "kpsewhich.exe";
    # path already set by wrapper batchfile
  } else {
    $Master = __FILE__;
    $Master =~ s,/*[^/]*$,,;
    if ($ismain) {
      $bindir = $Master;
      $Master = "$Master/../..";
    } else {
      # for the time being, this code will not be used or tested
      $Master = "$Master/../../..";
      # no code yet for $bindir; would have to detect platform
    }
    # make subprograms (including kpsewhich) have the right path:
    $ENV{"PATH"} = "$bindir:$ENV{PATH}";
    $kpsewhichname = "kpsewhich";
  }
  if (-r "$bindir/$kpsewhichname") {
    # if not in bootstrapping mode => kpsewhich exists, so use it to get $Master
    chomp($Master = `kpsewhich -var-value=SELFAUTOPARENT`);
  }
  $::installerdir = $Master;

  #
  # make Perl find our packages first:
  unshift (@INC, "$Master/tlpkg");
  unshift (@INC, "$Master/texmf/scripts/texlive");
}

use Cwd qw/abs_path/;
use Digest::MD5;
use Pod::Usage;
use Getopt::Long qw(:config no_autoabbrev permute);
use strict;

use TeXLive::TLConfig;
use TeXLive::TLMedia;
use TeXLive::TLPDB;
use TeXLive::TLPOBJ;
use TeXLive::TLUtils;
use TeXLive::TLWinGoo;
TeXLive::TLUtils->import(qw(member info give_ctan_mirror win32 dirname
                            mkdirhier copy log debug tlcmp));
use TeXLive::TLPaper;

binmode(STDOUT, ":utf8");
binmode(STDERR, ":utf8");

our $tlmediasrc;   # media from which we install/update
our $tlmediatlpdb;
our $location;     # location from which the new packages come
our $localtlmedia; # local installation which we are munging
our $localtlpdb;   # local installation which we are munging

# flags for machine-readable form
our $FLAG_REMOVE = "d";
our $FLAG_FORCIBLE_REMOVED = "f";
our $FLAG_UPDATE = "u";
our $FLAG_REVERSED_UPDATE = "r";
our $FLAG_AUTOINSTALL = "a";
our $FLAG_INSTALL = "i";
our $FLAG_REINSTALL = "I";

# option variables
$::gui_mode = 0;
$::machinereadable = 0;

our %opts;

main() if $ismain;

sub main {
  my %options;       # TL options from local tlpdb

  my %globaloptions = (
    "gui" => 1,
    "gui-lang" => "=s",
    "debug-translation" => 1,
    "location|repository|repo" => "=s",
    "machine-readable" => 1,
    "package-logfiles" => "=s",
    "pause" => 1,
    "version" => 1,
    "help|h|?" => 1);

  my %actionoptions = (
    "remove"   =>  { "no-depends" => 1,
                     "no-depends-at-all" => 1,
                     "force" => 1,
                     "dry-run|n" => 1 },
    "show"     =>  { "list" => 1 },
    "list"     =>  { "only-installed" => 1 },
    "search"   =>  { "global" => 1,
                     "file" => 1 },
    "restore"  =>  { "backupdir" => "=s",
                     "dry-run|n" => 1,
                     "force" => 1 },
    "backup"   =>  { "backupdir" => "=s",
                     "clean" => ":-99",
                     "all" => 1,
                     "dry-run|n" => 1 },
    "update"   =>  { "no-depends" => 1,
                     "no-depends-at-all" => 1,
                     "all" => 1,
                     "self" => 1,
                     "list" => 1,
                     "no-auto-remove" => 1,
                     "no-auto-install" => 1,
                     "reinstall-forcibly-removed" => 1,
                     "force" => 1,
                     "backupdir" => "=s",
                     "backup" => 1,
                     "exclude" => "=s@",
                     "dry-run|n" => 1 },
    "paper"    =>  { "list" => 1 },
    "install"  =>  { "no-depends" => 1,
                     "no-depends-at-all" => 1,
                     "reinstall" => 1,
                     "force" => 1,
                     "dry-run|n" => 1 },
    "arch"     =>  { "dry-run|n" => 1 },
    "generate" =>  { "localcfg" => "=s",
                     "dest" => "=s" },
    "path"     =>  { "w32mode" => "=s" },
    "postaction" => {"w32mode" => "=s",
                     "all" => 1,
                     "fileassocmode" => "=i" },
    "uninstall"=>  { "force" => 1 },
    "check"    =>  { "use-svn" => 1 },
    "recreate-tlpdb" => { "arch" => "=s" }
    );

  my %optarg;
  for my $k (keys %globaloptions) {
    if ($globaloptions{$k} eq "1") {
      $optarg{$k} = 1;
    } else {
      $optarg{"$k" . $globaloptions{$k}} = 1;
    }
  }
  for my $v (values %actionoptions) {
    for my $k (keys %$v) {
      if ($v->{$k} eq "1") {
        $optarg{$k} = 1;
      } else {
        $optarg{"$k" . $v->{$k}} = 1;
      }
    }
  }

  # save command line options for later restart, if necessary
  @::SAVEDARGV = @ARGV;

  TeXLive::TLUtils::process_logging_options();

  GetOptions(\%opts, keys(%optarg)) or pod2usage(2);

  $::debug_translation = 0;
  $::debug_translation = 1 if $opts{"debug-translation"};

  $::machinereadable = $opts{"machine-readable"}
    if (defined($opts{"machine-readable"}));

  my $action = shift @ARGV;
  if (!defined($action)) {
    $action = $opts{"gui"} ? "gui" : "";
  }

  ddebug("action = $action\n");
  for my $k (keys %opts) {
    ddebug("$k => $opts{$k}\n");
  }
  ddebug("arguments: @ARGV\n") if @ARGV;

  if ($opts{"version"} || (defined $action && $action eq "version")) {
    info(give_version());
    finish(0);
  }

  if (defined($action) && ($action =~ m/^help/i)) {
    $opts{"help"} = 1;
  }

  if (defined($action) && ($action =~ m/^print-arch$/i)) {
    print TeXLive::TLUtils::platform(), "\n";
    exit 0;
  }

  if ((!defined($action) || !$action) && !$opts{"help"}) {
    die "$0: missing action; try --help if you need it.\n";
  }

  if ($opts{"help"}) {
    # perldoc does ASCII emphasis on the output, so it's nice to use it.
    # But not all Unix platforms have it, and on Windows our Config.pm
    # can apparently interfere, so always skip it there.
    my @noperldoc = ();
    if (win32() || ! TeXLive::TLUtils::which("perldoc")) {
      @noperldoc = ("-noperldoc", "1");
    }
    if ($action && ($action ne "help")) {
      pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 99,
                -sections => "NAME|SYNOPSIS|ACTIONS/$action.*" , @noperldoc);
    } else {
      pod2usage(-exitstatus => 0, -verbose => 2, @noperldoc);
    }
  }

  # unify arguments so that the $action contains paper in all cases
  # and push the first arg back to @ARGV for action_paper processing
  if ($action =~ /^(paper|xdvi|pdftex|dvips|dvipdfmx?|context)$/) {
    unshift(@ARGV, $action);
    $action = "paper";
  }

  # --machine-readable is only supported by update.
  #
  if ($::machinereadable && 
    $action ne "update" && $action ne "install" && $action ne "option") {
    tlwarn("tlmgr: --machine-readable output not supported for $action\n");
  }

  # check on supported arguments
  #
  my %suppargs;
  %suppargs = %{$actionoptions{$action}}
    if defined($actionoptions{$action});
  my @notvalidargs;
  for my $k (keys %opts) {
    my @allargs = keys %suppargs;
    push @allargs, keys %globaloptions;
    my $found = 0;
    for my $ok (@allargs) {
      my @variants = split '\|', $ok;
      if (TeXLive::TLUtils::member($k, @variants)) {
        $found = 1;
        last;
      }
    }
    push @notvalidargs, $k if !$found;
  }
  if (@notvalidargs) {
    my $msg =
      "The following arguments are not supported for the action $action:\n";
    for my $c (@notvalidargs) {
      $msg .= " $c";
    }
    $msg .= "\n";
    my @noperldoc = ();
    if (win32() || ! TeXLive::TLUtils::which("perldoc")) {
      @noperldoc = ("-noperldoc", "1");
    }
    pod2usage(-msg => $msg, -exitstatus => 1, -verbose => 1, @noperldoc);
  }

  # besides doing normal logging if -logfile is specified, we try to log
  # package related actions (install, remove, update) to
  # the package-log file TEXMFSYSVAR/web2c/tlmgr.log
  $packagelogged = 0;  # how many msgs we logged
  chomp (my $texmfsysvar = `kpsewhich -var-value=TEXMFSYSVAR`);
  $packagelogfile = $opts{"package-logfile"};
  $packagelogfile ||= "$texmfsysvar/web2c/tlmgr.log";
  #
  # Try to open the packagelog file, but do NOT die when that does not work
  if (!open(PACKAGELOG, ">>$packagelogfile")) {
    debug("Cannot open package log file $packagelogfile for appending\n");
    debug("Will not log package installation/removal/update for that run\n");
    $packagelogfile = "";
  }

  $loadmediasrcerror = "Cannot load TeX Live database from ";

  execute_action($action, @ARGV);
  # end of main program.

} # end main

sub give_version {
  if (!defined($::version_string)) {
    $::version_string = "";
    $::version_string .= "tlmgr revision $tlmgrrevision\n";
    $::version_string .= "tlmgr using installation: $Master\n";
    if (open (REL_TL, "$Master/release-texlive.txt")) {
      # print first and last lines, which have the TL version info.
      my @rel_tl = <REL_TL>;
      $::version_string .= $rel_tl[0];
      $::version_string .= $rel_tl[$#rel_tl];
      close (REL_TL);
    }
  }
  #
  # add the list of revisions
  if ($::opt_verbosity > 0) {
    $::version_string .= "Revision of modules:";
    $::version_string .= "\nTLConfig: " . TeXLive::TLConfig->module_revision();
    $::version_string .= "\nTLUtils:  " . TeXLive::TLUtils->module_revision();
    $::version_string .= "\nTLPOBJ:   " . TeXLive::TLPOBJ->module_revision();
    $::version_string .= "\nTLPDB:    " . TeXLive::TLPDB->module_revision();
    $::version_string .= "\nTLMedia:  " . TeXLive::TLMedia->module_revision();
    $::version_string .= "\nTLPaper:  " . TeXLive::TLPaper->module_revision();
    $::version_string .= "\nTLWinGoo: " . TeXLive::TLWinGoo->module_revision();
    $::version_string .= "\n";
  }
  return $::version_string;
}


sub execute_action {
  my ($action, @argv) = @_;

  # we have to set @ARGV to the @argv since many of the action_* subs
  # use GetOption
  @ARGV = @argv;

  # actions which shouldn't have any lasting effects, such as search or
  # list, end by calling finish(0), which skips postinstall actions.
  if ($action =~ m/^_include_tlpobj$/) {
    # this is an internal function that should not be used outside
    init_local_db();
    for my $f (@ARGV) {
      my $tlpobj = TeXLive::TLPOBJ->new;
      $tlpobj->from_file($f);
      # we now have to check whether that is a .doc or .src package, so shipping
      # src or doc files from a different package.
      # We should have that package already installed ...
      my $pkg = $tlpobj->name;
      if ($pkg =~ m/^(.*)\.(source|doc)$/) {
        # got a .src or .doc package
        my $type = $2;
        my $mothership = $1;
        my $mothertlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($mothership);
        if (!defined($mothertlp)) {
          tlwarn("We are trying to add ${type} files to a not existing package $mothership!\n");
          tlwarn("Trying to continue!\n");
          # the best we can do is rename that package to $mothername and add it!
          $tlpobj->name($mothership);
          # add the src/docfiles tlpobj under the mothership name
          $localtlpdb->add_tlpobj($tlpobj);
        } else {
          if ($type eq "source") {
            $mothertlp->srcfiles($tlpobj->srcfiles);
            $mothertlp->srcsize($tlpobj->srcsize);
          } else {
            # must be "doc"
            $mothertlp->docfiles($tlpobj->docfiles);
            $mothertlp->docsize($tlpobj->docsize);
          }
          # that make sure that the original entry is overwritten
          $localtlpdb->add_tlpobj($mothertlp);
        }
      } else {
        # completely normal package, just add it
        $localtlpdb->add_tlpobj($tlpobj);
      }
      $localtlpdb->save;
    }
    finish(0);
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^get-mirror$/i) {
    my $loc = give_ctan_mirror();
    print "$loc\n";
    finish(0);
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^generate$/i) {
    action_generate();
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^gui$/i) {
    action_gui();
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^arch$/i) {
    action_arch();
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^option$/i) {
    action_option();
    finish(0);
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^list$/i) {
    action_list();
    finish(0);
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^check$/i) {
    action_check();
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^install$/i) {
    action_install();
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^update$/i) {
    action_update();
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^backup$/i) {
    action_backup();
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^restore$/i) {
    action_restore();
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^path$/i) {
    action_path();
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^search$/i) {
    action_search();
    finish(0);
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^postaction$/i) {
    action_postaction();
    finish(0);
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^conf$/i) {
    action_conf();
    finish(0);
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^show$/i) {
    action_show();
    finish(0);
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^remove$/i) {
    action_remove();
  } elsif ($action =~ /^paper$/) {
    action_paper();
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^uninstall$/i) {
    action_uninstall();
    finish(0);
  } elsif ($action =~ m/^recreate-tlpdb$/i) {
    action_recreate_tlpdb();
    finish(0);
  } else {
    die "$0: unknown action: $action; try --help if you need it.\n";
  }

  # close the special log file
  if ($packagelogfile && !$::gui_mode) {
    info("tlmgr: package log updated at $packagelogfile\n") if $packagelogged;
    close(PACKAGELOG);
  }

  # run external programs.
  my $error_count = &handle_execute_actions();

  # done, just in case there are 256 errors.
  finish($error_count ? 1 : 0);
}



# run CMD with notice to the user and if exit status is nonzero, complain.
# return exit status.
# 
sub do_cmd_and_check
{
  my $cmd = shift;
  # we output the pre-running notice on a separate line so that
  # tlmgr front ends (MacOSX's TeX Live Utility) can read it
  # and show it to the user before the possibly long delay.
  info("running $cmd ...\n");
  my ($out, $ret) = TeXLive::TLUtils::run_cmd("$cmd 2>&1");
  if ($ret == 0) {
    info("done running $cmd.\n");
    log("--output of $cmd:\n$out\n--end of output of $cmd.");
  } else {
    info("\n");
    tlwarn("$cmd failed (status $ret), output:\n$out\n");
  }
  return $ret;
}

# run external programs (mktexlsr, updmap-sys, etc.) as specified by the
# keys in the RET hash.  We return the number of unsuccessful runs, zero
# if all ok.
#
# If the "map" key is specified, the value may be a reference to a list
# of map command strings to pass to updmap, e.g., "enable Map=ascii.map".
#
sub handle_execute_actions
{
  my $errors = 0;

  if ($::files_changed) {
    $errors += do_cmd_and_check("mktexlsr");
    $::files_changed = 0;
  }

  #
  # maps handling
  # if enabled and disabled -> do nothing
  # if only enabled -> enable it
  # if only disabled -> disable it
  {
    my %do_enable;
    my %do_disable;
    my $run_full = 0;
    for my $m (keys %{$::execute_actions{'enable'}{'maps'}}) {
      $run_full = 1;
      $do_enable{$m} = 1;
    }
    for my $m (keys %{$::execute_actions{'disable'}{'maps'}}) {
      $run_full = 1;
      if (defined($do_enable{$m})) {
        # we are upgrading because it is disabled and enabled, so
        # delete the entry in do_enable, it is already
        delete $do_enable{$m};
      } else {
        # not new installed, so simply removed
        $do_disable{$m} = 1;
      }
    }
    for my $m (keys %do_disable) {
      $errors += do_cmd_and_check("updmap-sys --nomkmap --nohash --disable $m");
    }
    for my $m (keys %do_enable) {
      my $str = "updmap-sys --nomkmap --nohash --enable " .
                $::execute_actions{'enable'}{'maps'}{$m} . "=$m";
      $errors += do_cmd_and_check($str);
    }
    $errors += do_cmd_and_check("updmap-sys") if $run_full;
  }


  chomp(my $TEXMFSYSVAR = `kpsewhich -var-value=TEXMFSYSVAR`);
  chomp(my $TEXMFLOCAL = `kpsewhich -var-value=TEXMFLOCAL`);


  # format-regenerate is used when the paper size changes.  In that
  # case, if option("create_formats") is set, we simply want to generate
  #
  {
    my %done_formats;
    my %updated_engines;
    my %format_to_engine;
    my %do_enable;
    my $do_full = 0;
    for my $m (keys %{$::execute_actions{'enable'}{'formats'}}) {
      $do_full = 1;
      $do_enable{$m} = 1;
      # here we check whether an engine is updated
      my %foo = %{$::execute_actions{'enable'}{'formats'}{$m}};
      if (!defined($foo{'name'}) || !defined($foo{'engine'})) {
        tlwarn("Very strange error, please report " . %foo);
      } else {
        $format_to_engine{$m} = $foo{'engine'};
        if ($foo{'name'} eq $foo{'engine'}) {
          $updated_engines{$m} = 1;
        }
      }
    }
    for my $m (keys %{$::execute_actions{'disable'}{'formats'}}) {
      $do_full = 1;
    }
    my $opt_fmt = $localtlpdb->option("create_formats");
    if ($do_full) {
      info("regenerating fmtutil.cnf in $TEXMFSYSVAR\n");
      TeXLive::TLUtils::create_fmtutil($localtlpdb,
                                       "$TEXMFSYSVAR/web2c/fmtutil.cnf",
                                       "$TEXMFLOCAL/web2c/fmtutil-local.cnf");
    }
    if ($opt_fmt && !$::regenerate_all_formats) {
      # first regenerate all formats --byengine 
      for my $e (keys %updated_engines) {
        log ("updating formats based on $e\n");
        $errors += do_cmd_and_check("fmtutil-sys --byengine $e");
      }
      # now rebuild all other formats
      for my $f (keys %do_enable) {
        next if defined($updated_engines{$format_to_engine{$f}});
        log ("(re)creating format dump $f\n");
        $errors += do_cmd_and_check("fmtutil-sys --byfmt $f");
        $done_formats{$f} = 1;
      }
    }
  }

  #
  # hyphenation patterns
  # if something has changed do the whole stuff ...
  {
    my $do_something = 0;
    for my $m (keys %{$::execute_actions{'enable'}{'hyphens'}}) {
      $do_something = 1;
      last;
    }
    for my $m (keys %{$::execute_actions{'disable'}{'hyphens'}}) {
      $do_something = 1;
      last;
    }

    if ($do_something) {
      for my $ext ("dat", "def") {
        my $lang = "language.$ext";
        info("regenerating $lang\n");

        my $arg1 = "$TEXMFSYSVAR/tex/generic/config/language.$ext";
        my $arg2 = "$TEXMFLOCAL/tex/generic/config/language-local.dat";
        if ($ext eq "dat") {
          TeXLive::TLUtils::create_language_dat($localtlpdb, $arg1, $arg2);
        } else {
          TeXLive::TLUtils::create_language_def($localtlpdb, $arg1, $arg2);
        }

        if (! TeXLive::TLUtils::win32()) {
          # Use full path for external command, except on Windows.
          $lang = "$TEXMFSYSVAR/tex/generic/config/$lang";
        }
        if ($localtlpdb->option("create_formats") && !$::regenerate_all_formats) {
          $errors += do_cmd_and_check("fmtutil-sys --byhyphen $lang");
        }
      }
    }
  }

  #
  if ($::regenerate_all_formats) {
    info("Regenerating all formats, this may take some time ...");
    $errors += do_cmd_and_check("fmtutil-sys --all");
    info("done\n");
    $::regenerate_all_formats = 0;
  }

  # undefine the global var, otherwise in GUI mode the actions are accumulating
  undef %::execute_actions;

  return $errors;
}


#  REMOVE
#
# tlmgr remove foo bar baz
#   will remove the packages foo bar baz itself
#   and will remove all .ARCH dependencies, too
#   and if some of them are collections it will also remove the
#   depending packages which are NOT Collections|Schemes.
#   if some of them are referenced somewhere they will not be removed
#   unless --force given
#
# tlmgr remove --no-depends foo bar baz
#   will remove the packages foo bar baz itself without any dependencies
#   but it will still remove all .ARCH dependency
#   if some of them are referenced somewhere they will not be removed
#   unless --force given
#
# tlmgr remove --no-depends-at-all foo bar baz
#   will absolutely only install foo bar baz not even taking .ARCH into
#   account
#
sub action_remove {
  if ($opts{"gui"}) {
    action_gui("remove");
  }
  # we do the following:
  # - (not implemented) order collections such that those depending on
  #   other collections are first removed, and then those which only
  #   depend on packages. Otherwise
  #     remove collection-latex collection-latexrecommended
  #   will not succeed
  # - first loop over all cmd line args and consider only the collections
  # - for each to be removed collection:
  #   . check that no other collections/scheme asks for that collection
  #   . remove the collection
  #   . remove all dependencies
  # - for each normal package not already removed (via the above)
  #   . check that no collection/scheme still depends on this package
  #   . remove the package
  #
  $opts{"no-depends"} = 1 if $opts{"no-depends-at-all"};
  my %already_removed;
  my @more_removal;
  init_local_db();
  return if !check_on_writable();
  info("remove: dry run, no changes will be made\n") if $opts{"dry-run"};
  my @packs = @ARGV;
  #
  # we have to be carefull not to remove too many packages. The idea is
  # as follows:
  # - let A be the set of all packages to be removed from the cmd line
  # - let A* be the set of A with all dependencies expanded
  # - let B be the set of all packages
  # - let C = B \ A*, ie the set of all packages without those packages
  #   in the set of A*
  # - let C* be the set of C with all dependencies expanded
  # - let D = A* \ C*, ie the set of all packages to be removed (A*)
  #   without all the package that are still needed (C*)
  # - remove all package in D
  # - for any package in A (not in A*, in A, ie on the cmd line) that is
  #   also in C* (so a package that was asked for to be removed on the
  #   cmd line, but it isn't because someone else asks for it), warn the
  #   user that it is still needed
  #
  # remove all .ARCH dependencies, too, unless $opts{"no-depends-at-all"}
  @packs = $localtlpdb->expand_dependencies("-only-arch", $localtlpdb, @packs) unless $opts{"no-depends-at-all"};
  # remove deps unless $opts{"no-depends"}
  @packs = $localtlpdb->expand_dependencies("-no-collections", $localtlpdb, @packs) unless $opts{"no-depends"};
  my %allpacks;
  for my $p ($localtlpdb->list_packages) { $allpacks{$p} = 1; }
  for my $p (@packs) { delete($allpacks{$p}); }
  my @neededpacks = $localtlpdb->expand_dependencies($localtlpdb, keys %allpacks);
  my %packs;
  my %origpacks;
  my @origpacks = $localtlpdb->expand_dependencies("-only-arch", $localtlpdb, @ARGV) unless $opts{"no-depends-at-all"};
  for my $p (@origpacks) { $origpacks{$p} = 1; }
  for my $p (@packs) { $packs{$p} = 1; }
  for my $p (@neededpacks) {
    if (defined($origpacks{$p})) {
      # that package was asked for to be removed on the cmd line
      my @needed = $localtlpdb->needed_by($p);
      if ($opts{"force"}) {
        info("tlmgr: $p is needed by " . join(" ", @needed) . "\n");
        info("tlmgr: removing it anyway, due to --force\n");
      } else {
        delete($packs{$p});
        tlwarn("tlmgr: not removing $p, needed by " .
          join(" ", @needed) . "\n");
      }
    } else {
      delete($packs{$p});
    }
  }
  @packs = keys %packs;
  foreach my $pkg (sort @packs) {
    my $tlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($pkg);
    next if defined($already_removed{$pkg});
    if (!defined($tlp)) {
      info("$pkg: package not present, cannot remove\n");
    } else {
      # in the first round we only remove collections, nothing else
      # but removing collections will remove all dependencies, too
      # save the information of which packages have already been removed
      # into %already_removed.
      if ($tlp->category eq "Collection") {
        my $foo = 0;
        info ("remove $pkg\n");
        if (!$opts{"dry-run"}) {
          $foo = $localtlmedia->remove_package($pkg);
          logpackage("remove: $pkg");
        }
        if ($foo) {
          # removal was successful, so the return is at least 0x0001 mktexlsr
          # remove dependencies, too
          $already_removed{$pkg} = 1;
        }
      } else {
        # save all the other packages into the @more_removal list to
        # be removed at the second state. Note that if a package has
        # already been removed due to a removal of a collection
        # it will be marked as such in %already_removed and not tried again
        push @more_removal, $pkg;
      }
    }
  }
  foreach my $pkg (sort @more_removal) {
    if (!defined($already_removed{$pkg})) {
      info ("remove $pkg\n");
      if (!$opts{"dry-run"}) {
        if ($localtlmedia->remove_package($pkg)) {
          # removal was successful
          logpackage("remove: $pkg");
          $already_removed{$pkg} = 1;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if ($opts{"dry-run"}) {
    # stop here, don't do any postinstall actions
    return;
  } else {
    $localtlpdb->save;
    my @foo = sort keys %already_removed;
    if (@foo) {
      info("tlmgr: actually removed these packages: @foo\n");
    } else {
      info("tlmgr: no packages removed.\n");
    }
  }
}


#  PAPER
# ARGV can look like:
#   paper a4
#   paper letter
#   [xdvi|...|context] paper [help|papersize|--list]
#
sub action_paper {
  action_gui("config") if $opts{"gui"};

  init_local_db();
  chomp(my $texmfsysconfig = `kpsewhich -var-value=TEXMFSYSCONFIG`);
  $ENV{"TEXMFCONFIG"} = $texmfsysconfig;

  my $action = shift @ARGV;
  if ($action =~ m/^paper$/i) {  # generic paper
    my $newpaper = shift @ARGV;
    if ($opts{"list"}) {  # tlmgr paper --list => complain.
      tlwarn("tlmgr: ignoring paper setting to $newpaper with --list\n")
        if $newpaper;  # complain if they tried to set, too.
      tlwarn("tlmgr: please specify a program before paper --list, ",
             "as in: tlmgr pdftex paper --list\n");

    } elsif (!defined($newpaper)) {  # tlmgr paper => show all current sizes.
      TeXLive::TLPaper::paper_all($texmfsysconfig,undef);

    } elsif ($newpaper !~ /^(a4|letter)$/) {  # tlmgr paper junk => complain.
      $newpaper = "the empty string" if !defined($newpaper);
      tlwarn("tlmgr: expected `a4' or `letter' after paper, not $newpaper\n");

    } else { # tlmgr paper {a4|letter} => do it.
      return if !check_on_writable();
      TeXLive::TLPaper::paper_all($texmfsysconfig,$newpaper);
    }

  } else {  # program-specific paper
    my $prog = $action;     # first argument is the program to change
    my $arg = shift @ARGV;  # get "paper" argument
    if (!defined($arg) || $arg ne "paper") {
      $arg = "the empty string." if ! $arg;
      tlwarn("tlmgr: expected `paper' after $prog, not $arg\n");
      return;
    }
    # the do_paper progs check for the argument --list, so if given
    # restore it to the cmd line.
    unshift(@ARGV, "--list") if $opts{"list"};
    if (@ARGV) {
      return if !check_on_writable();
    }
    TeXLive::TLPaper::do_paper($prog,$texmfsysconfig,@ARGV);
  }
}


#  SHOW
#
sub action_show {
  if ($opts{"gui"}) {
    action_gui("config");
  }
  init_local_db();
  foreach my $pkg (@ARGV) {
    my $tlpdb = $localtlpdb;
    my $tlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($pkg);
    my $installed = 0;
    if (!$tlp) {
      if (!$tlmediatlpdb) {
        init_tlmedia();
      }
      $tlp = $tlmediatlpdb->get_package($pkg);
      $tlpdb = $tlmediatlpdb;
    } else {
      $installed = 1;
    }
    if ($tlp) {
      my @colls;
      if ($tlp->category ne "Collection" && $tlp->category ne "Scheme") {
        @colls = $localtlpdb->needed_by($pkg);
        if (!@colls) {
          # not referenced in the local tlpdb, so try the remote here, too
          if (!$tlmediatlpdb) {
            init_tlmedia();
          }
          @colls = $tlmediatlpdb->needed_by($pkg);
        }
      }
      # some packages might depend on other packages, so do not
      # include arbitrary package in the list of collections, but
      # only collectons:
      @colls = grep {m;^collection-;} @colls;
      print "package:    ", $tlp->name, "\n";
      print "category:   ", $tlp->category, "\n";
      print "shortdesc:  ", $tlp->shortdesc, "\n" if ($tlp->shortdesc);
      print "longdesc:   ", $tlp->longdesc, "\n" if ($tlp->longdesc);
      print "installed:  ", ($installed ? "Yes" : "No"), "\n";
      print "revision:   ", $tlp->revision, "\n" if ($installed);
      print "collection: ", @colls, "\n" if (@colls);
      if ($opts{"list"}) {
        if ($tlp->category eq "Collection" || $tlp->category eq "Scheme") {
          # in the case of collections of schemes we list the deps
          my @deps = $tlp->depends;
          if (@deps) {
            print "depends:\n";
            for my $d (@deps) {
              print "\t$d\n";
            }
          }
        }
        print "Included files, by type:\n";
        # if the package has a .ARCH dependency we also list the files for
        # those packages
        my @todo = $tlpdb->expand_dependencies("-only-arch", $tlpdb, ($pkg));
        for my $d (sort @todo) {
          my $foo = $tlpdb->get_package($d);
          if (!$foo) {
            tlwarn ("\nShould not happen, no dependent package $d");
            next;
          }
          if ($d ne $pkg) {
            print "depending package $d:\n";
          }
          if ($foo->runfiles) {
            print "run files:\n";
            for my $f (sort $foo->runfiles) { print "  $f\n"; }
          }
          if ($foo->srcfiles) {
            print "source files:\n";
            for my $f (sort $foo->srcfiles) { print "  $f\n"; }
          }
          if ($foo->docfiles) {
            print "doc files:\n";
            for my $f (sort $foo->docfiles) {
              print "  $f";
              my $dfd = $foo->docfiledata;
              if (defined($dfd->{$f})) {
                for my $k (keys %{$dfd->{$f}}) {
                  print " $k=\"", $dfd->{$f}->{$k}, '"';
                }
              }
              print "\n";
            }
          }
          # in case we have them
          if ($foo->allbinfiles) {
            print "bin files (all architectures):\n";
            for my $f (sort $foo->allbinfiles) { print " $f\n"; }
          }
        }
      }
      print "\n";
    } else {
      printf STDERR "tlmgr: cannot find $pkg\n";
    }
  }
  return;
}

#  PATH
#
sub action_path {
  my $what = shift @ARGV;
  if (!defined($what) || ($what !~ m/^(add|remove)$/i)) {
    tlwarn("action path needs one argument, either add or remove\n");
    return;
  }
  init_local_db();
  my $winadminmode = 0;
  if (win32()) {
    #
    # for w32 we do system wide vs user setting detection as follows:
    # - if --w32mode is NOT given,
    #   - if admin
    #     --> honor opt_w32_multi_user setting in tlpdb
    #   - if not admin
    #     - if opt_w32_multi_user == NO
    #       --> do user path adjustment
    #     - if opt_w32_multi_user == YES
    #       --> do nothing, warn that the setting is on, suggest --w32mode user
    # - if --w32mode admin
    #   - if admin
    #     --> ignore opt_w32_multi_user and do system path adjustment
    #   - if non-admin
    #     --> do nothing but warn that user does not have privileges
    # - if --w32mode user
    #   - if admin
    #     --> ignore opt_w32_multi_user and do user path adjustment
    #   - if non-admin
    #     --> ignore opt_w32_multi_user and do user path adjustment
    if (!$opts{"w32mode"}) {
      $winadminmode = $localtlmedia->tlpdb->option("w32_multi_user");
      if (!TeXLive::TLWinGoo::admin()) {
        if ($winadminmode) {
          tlwarn("The TLPDB specifies system wide path adjustments\nbut you don't have admin privileges.\nFor user path adjustment please use\n\t--w32mode user\n");
          # and do nothing
          return;
        }
      }
    } else {
      # we are in the block where a --w32mode argument is given
      # we reverse the tests:
      if (TeXLive::TLWinGoo::admin()) {
        # in admin mode we simply use what is given on the cmd line
        if ($opts{"w32mode"} eq "user") {
          $winadminmode = 0;
        } elsif ($opts{"w32mode"} eq "admin") {
          $winadminmode = 1;
        } else {
          tlwarn("Unknown --w32admin mode: $opts{w32mode}, should be 'admin' or 'user'\n");
          return;
        }
      } else {
        # we are non-admin
        if ($opts{"w32mode"} eq "user") {
          $winadminmode = 0;
        } elsif ($opts{"w32mode"} eq "admin") {
          tlwarn("You don't have the privileges to work in --w32mode admin\n");
          return;
        } else {
          tlwarn("Unknown --w32admin mode: $opts{w32mode}, should be 'admin' or 'user'\n");
          return;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if ($what =~ m/^add$/i) {
    if (win32()) {
      TeXLive::TLUtils::w32_add_to_path(
        $localtlmedia->location . "/bin/win32",
        $winadminmode);
      TeXLive::TLWinGoo::broadcast_env();
    } else {
      TeXLive::TLUtils::add_symlinks($localtlmedia->tlpdb->root,
        $localtlmedia->platform(),
        $localtlmedia->tlpdb->option("sys_bin"),
        $localtlmedia->tlpdb->option("sys_man"),
        $localtlmedia->tlpdb->option("sys_info"));
    }
  } elsif ($what =~ m/^remove$/i) {
    if (win32()) {
      TeXLive::TLUtils::w32_remove_from_path(
        $localtlmedia->location . "/bin/win32",
        $winadminmode);
      TeXLive::TLWinGoo::broadcast_env();
    } else {
      # remove symlinks
      TeXLive::TLUtils::remove_symlinks($localtlmedia->tlpdb->root,
        $localtlmedia->platform(),
        $localtlmedia->tlpdb->option("sys_bin"),
        $localtlmedia->tlpdb->option("sys_man"),
        $localtlmedia->tlpdb->option("sys_info"));
    }
  } else {
    # that should not happen
    tlwarn("\nShould not happen, action_path what=$what");
    exit 1;
  }
  return;
}

#  SEARCH
#
sub action_search {
  my $r = shift @ARGV;
  my $ret = "";
  my $tlpdb;
  init_local_db();
  if ($opts{"global"}) {
    init_tlmedia();
    $tlpdb = $tlmediasrc->tlpdb;
  } else {
    $tlpdb = $localtlpdb;
  }
  foreach my $pkg ($tlpdb->list_packages) {
    my $tlp = $tlpdb->get_package($pkg);
    if ($opts{"file"}) {
      my @files = $tlp->all_files;
      if ($tlp->relocated) {
        for (@files) { s:^$RelocPrefix/:$RelocTree/:; }
      }
      my @ret = grep(m;$r;, @files);
      if (@ret) {
        print "$pkg:\n";
        foreach (@ret) {
          print "\t$_\n";
        }
      }
    } else {
      next if ($pkg =~ m/\./);
      my $t = $tlpdb->get_package($pkg)->shortdesc;
      $t |= "";
      my $lt = $tlpdb->get_package($pkg)->longdesc;
      $lt |= "";
      if (($pkg =~ m/$r/) || ($t =~ m/$r/) || ($lt =~ m/$r/)) {
        $ret .= " $pkg - $t\n";
      }
    }
  }
  print "$ret";
  return;
}


#  RESTORE
#
sub action_restore {
  # tlmgr restore --backupdir dir
  #   lists all packages with all revisions
  # tlmgr restore --backupdir dir pkg
  #   lists all revisions of pkg
  # tlmgr restore --backupdir dir pkg rev
  #   restores pkg to revision rev
  # check the backup dir argument
  if ($opts{"backupdir"}) {
    my $ob = abs_path($opts{"backupdir"});
    $ob && ($opts{"backupdir"} = $ob);
    if (! -d $opts{"backupdir"}) {
      tlwarn ("backupdir argument $opts{'backupdir'} is not a directory.\n");
      tlwarn ("Don't know from where to restore backups, terminating.\n");
      exit 1;
    }
  } else {
    # no argument, check for presence in TLPDB
    init_local_db(1);
    $opts{"backupdir"} = $localtlpdb->option("backupdir");
    if (!$opts{"backupdir"}) {
      tlwarn ("Don't know from where to restore backups, terminating.\n");
      exit 1;
    }
    # we are stil here, there is something set in tlpdb
    my $ob = abs_path($opts{"backupdir"});
    $ob && ($opts{"backupdir"} = $ob);
    if (! -d $opts{"backupdir"}) {
      tlwarn ("backupdir as set in tlpdb $opts{'backupdir'} is not a directory.\n");
      tlwarn ("Don't know from where to restore backups, terminating.\n");
      exit 1;
    }
  }

  info("restore: dry run, no changes will be made\n") if $opts{"dry"};

  # initialize the hash(packages) of hash(revisions)
  my %backups;
  opendir (DIR, $opts{"backupdir"}) || die "opendir($opts{'backupdir'}) failed: $!";
  my @dirents = readdir (DIR);
  closedir (DIR) || warn "closedir($opts{'backupdir'}) failed: $!";
  for my $dirent (@dirents) {
    next if (-d $dirent);
    next if ($dirent !~ m/^(.*)\.r([0-9]+)\.tar\.xz$/);
    $backups{$1}->{$2} = 1;
  }
  my ($pkg, $rev) = @ARGV;
  if (!defined($pkg)) {
    if (keys %backups) {
      print "Available backups:\n";
      foreach my $p (sort keys %backups) {
        print "$p: ";
        my @rs = sort (keys %{$backups{$p}});
        print "@rs\n";
      }
    } else {
      print "No backups available in $opts{'backupdir'}\n";
    }
    finish(0);
  }
  if (!defined($rev)) {
    print "Available backups for $pkg: ";
    my @rs = sort (keys %{$backups{$pkg}});
    print "@rs\n";
    finish(0);
  }
  # we did arrive here, so we try to restore ...
  if (defined($backups{$pkg}->{$rev})) {
    return if !check_on_writable();
    if (!$opts{"force"}) {
      print "Do you really want to restore $pkg to revision $rev (y/N): ";
      my $yesno = <STDIN>;
      if ($yesno !~ m/^y(es)?$/i) {
        print "Ok, cancelling the restore!\n";
        finish(0);
      }
    }
    print "Restoring $pkg, $rev from $opts{'backupdir'}/${pkg}.r${rev}.tar.xz\n";
    if (!$opts{"dry"}) {
      init_local_db(1);
      # first remove the package, then reinstall it
      # this way we get rid of useless files
      $opts{"backupdir"} = abs_path($opts{"backupdir"});
      $localtlmedia->remove_package($pkg);
      TeXLive::TLMedia->_install_package("$opts{'backupdir'}/${pkg}.r${rev}.tar.xz" , 0, [] ,$localtlpdb);
      logpackage("restore: $pkg ($rev)");
      # now we have to read the .tlpobj file and add it to the DB
      my $tlpobj = TeXLive::TLPOBJ->new;
      $tlpobj->from_file($localtlpdb->root . "/tlpkg/tlpobj/$pkg.tlpobj");
      $localtlpdb->add_tlpobj($tlpobj);
      TeXLive::TLUtils::announce_execute_actions("enable",
                                           $localtlpdb->get_package($pkg));
      $localtlpdb->save;
    }
  } else {
    print "revision $rev for $pkg is not present in $opts{'backupdir'}\n";
  }
}

sub action_backup {
  init_local_db(1);
  # --clean argument
  # can be either -1 ... don't clean
  #               0  ... remove all backups
  #               N  ... keep only N backups
  # that parallels the value of autoclean in the configuration
  # we have to be careful, because if simply --clean is given, we should
  # check for the value saved in the tlpdb, and if that is not present
  # do nothing.
  # We have set clean to clean:-99 which makes -99 the default value
  # if only --clean is given without any argument
  # !defined($opts{"clean"})  -> no --clean given
  # $opts{"clean"} = -99      -> --clean without argument given, check tlpdb
  # $opts{"clean"} = -1, 0, N -> --clean=N given, check argument
  #
  my $clean_mode = 0;
  $clean_mode = 1 if defined($opts{"clean"});
  if ($clean_mode) {
    if ($opts{"clean"} == -99) {
      # we need to check the tlpdb
      $opts{"clean"} = $localtlpdb->option("autobackup");
      if (!$opts{"clean"}) {
        tlwarn ("--clean given without an argument, but no default clean\n");
        tlwarn ("mode specified in the tlpdb, terminating.\n");
        exit 1;
      }
    }
    # now $opts{"clean"} is something, but maybe not a number, check for
    # validity
    if ($opts{"clean"} =~ m/^(-1|[0-9]+)$/) {
      # get rid of leading zeros etc etc
      $opts{"clean"} = $opts{"clean"} + 0;
    } else {
      tlwarn ("clean mode as specified on the command line or as given by default\n");
      tlwarn ("must be an integer larger or equal than -1, terminating.\n");
      exit 1;
    }
  }
  # check the backup dir argument
  if ($opts{"backupdir"}) {
    my $ob = abs_path($opts{"backupdir"});
    $ob && ($opts{"backupdir"} = $ob);
    if (! -d $opts{"backupdir"}) {
      tlwarn ("backupdir argument $opts{'backupdir'} is not a directory.\n");
      if ($clean_mode) {
        tlwarn ("Cannot clean a non existing directory, terminating.\n");
      } else {
        tlwarn ("Don't know where to save backups, terminating.\n");
      }
      exit 1;
    }
  } else {
    # no argument, check for presence in TLPDB
    $opts{"backupdir"} = $localtlpdb->option("backupdir");
    if (!$opts{"backupdir"}) {
      if ($clean_mode) {
        tlwarn ("Cannot clean an unknown directory, terminating.\n");
      } else {
        tlwarn ("Don't know where to save backups, terminating.\n");
      }
      exit 1;
    }
    # we are stil here, there is something set in tlpdb
    my $ob = abs_path($opts{"backupdir"});
    $ob && ($opts{"backupdir"} = $ob);
    if (! -d $opts{"backupdir"}) {
      tlwarn ("backupdir as set in tlpdb $opts{'backupdir'} is not a directory.\n");
      if ($clean_mode) {
        tlwarn ("Cannot clean a non existing directory, terminating.\n");
      } else {
        tlwarn ("Don't know where to save backups, terminating.\n");
      }
      exit 1;
    }
  }

  my @todo;
  if ($opts{"all"}) {
    @todo = $localtlpdb->list_packages;
  } else {
    @todo = @ARGV;
    @todo = $localtlpdb->expand_dependencies("-only-arch", $localtlpdb, @todo);
  }
  if (!@todo) {
    printf "tlmgr backup takes either a list of packages or --all\n";
  }
  foreach my $pkg (@todo) {
    if ($clean_mode) {
      clear_old_backups ($pkg, $opts{"backupdir"}, $opts{"clean"}, $opts{"dry-run"});
    } else {
      my $tlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($pkg);
      info("saving current status of $pkg to $opts{'backupdir'}/${pkg}.r" .
        $tlp->revision . "tar.xz\n");
      if (!$opts{"dry-run"}) {
        $tlp->make_container("xz", $localtlpdb->root,
                             $opts{"backupdir"}, "${pkg}.r" . $tlp->revision);
      }
    }
  }
}

# =====================================================================
#                  INFRASTRUCTURE UPDATE ON WINDOWS
# =====================================================================
#      Infrastructure files cannot be updated directly from the 
# tlmgr.pl script due to file locking problem on Windows - files that 
# are in use (either open or executing) cannot be removed or replaced. 
# For that reason the update process is performed by a batch script 
# outside of tlmgr.pl.
#      There are three pieces involved in the update: tlmgr.bat 
# launcher, write_w32_updater subroutine below and a batch 
# updater script. Their roles are as follows:
# * tlmgr.bat is a watchdog, it launches tlmgr.pl and watches for
#   the updater script that is to be executed. If the updater script 
#   exists before tlmgr.pl is launched, it will be removed or 
#   tlmgr.bat will abort if it fails to do so. This means that the 
#   updater script has to be created by the current invocation of 
#   tlmgr.pl. Futhermore, the updater script is renamed from 
#   updater-w32 to updater-w32.bat just before it is run, and thus 
#   it can be executed only once.
# * write_w32_updater subroutine in tlmgr.pl prepares the update
#   and writes the updater script. Packages in .xz archives are
#   dowloaded/copied and uncompressed to .tar files. Also .tar 
#   backups of the current packages are made. If everything is 
#   successful, the update script is created from the template. 
#   Otherwise the update is aborted.
# * updater-w32[.bat] batch script, triggers and executes the actual 
#   update. It first restarts itself in a separate instance of cmd.exe 
#   (and in a new console window in gui mode) and runs the update 
#   from there. The update is run with echo on and all output is 
#   logged to a file (or stderr in verbose mode). After successful 
#   infrastructure update, tlmgr is optionally restarted if update 
#   of other packages is asked for.
#      The infrastructure update itself proceeds as follows:
#   (1) untar all package archives
#   (2) include .tlpobj files into tlpdb
#   (3) print update info to console
#      Any error during (1) or (2) triggers the rollback sequence:
#   (1) print failed update info to console
#   (2) untar all package backups
#   (3) include .tlpobj files (from backup) into tlpdb
#   (4) print restore info to console
#      Any error during (2) or (3) and we go into panic state.  At this 
#   point there is no guarantee that the installation is still working. 
#   There is not much we can do but to print failed restore info and 
#   give instructions to download and run 'update-tlmgr-latest.exe'
#   to repair the installation.
# =====================================================================
#
sub write_w32_updater {
  my ($restart_tlmgr, $ref_files_to_be_removed, @w32_updated) = @_;
  my @infra_files_to_be_removed = @$ref_files_to_be_removed;
  # TODO do something with these files TODO
  my $media = $tlmediasrc->media;
  my $mediatlpdb = $tlmediasrc->tlpdb;
  # we have to download/copy also the src/doc files if necessary!
  my $container_src_split = $mediatlpdb->config_src_container;
  my $container_doc_split = $mediatlpdb->config_doc_container;
  # get options about src/doc splitting from $totlpdb
  # TT: should we use local options to decide about install of doc & src?
  my $opt_src = $localtlpdb->option("install_srcfiles");
  my $opt_doc = $localtlpdb->option("install_docfiles");
  my $root = $localtlpdb->root;
  my $temp = "$root/temp";
  my $repo = $mediatlpdb->root . "/$Archive";
  TeXLive::TLUtils::mkdirhier($temp);
  tlwarn("Backup option not implemented for infrastructure update.\n") if ($opts{"backup"});
  if ($media eq 'DVD') {
    tlwarn("Creating updater from DVD currently not implemented!\n");
    tlwarn("But it should not be necessary!\n");
    return 1; # abort
  }
  my (@upd_tar, @upd_tlpobj, @upd_info, @rst_tar, @rst_tlpobj, @rst_info);
  foreach my $pkg (@w32_updated) {
    my $mediatlp = $mediatlpdb->get_package($pkg);
    my $localtlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($pkg);
    my $oldrev = $localtlp->revision;
    my $newrev = $mediatlp->revision;
    # we do install documenation files for category Documentation even if
    # option("install_docfiles") is false
    my $opt_real_doc = ($mediatlp->category =~ m/documentation/i) ? 1 : $opt_doc;
    my @pkg_parts = ($pkg);
    push(@pkg_parts, "$pkg.source") if ($container_src_split && $opt_src && $mediatlp->srcfiles);
    push(@pkg_parts, "$pkg.doc") if ($container_doc_split && $opt_real_doc && $mediatlp->docfiles);
    foreach my $pkg_part (@pkg_parts) {
      push (@upd_tar, "$pkg_part.tar");
      push (@upd_tlpobj, "tlpkg\\tlpobj\\$pkg_part.tlpobj");
    }
    push (@upd_info, "$pkg ^($oldrev -^> $newrev^)");
    push (@rst_tar, "__BACKUP_$pkg.r$oldrev.tar");
    push (@rst_tlpobj, "tlpkg\\tlpobj\\$pkg.tlpobj");
    push (@rst_info, "$pkg ^($oldrev^)");
    next if ($opts{"dry-run"});
    # create backup; make_container expects file name in a format: some-name.r[0-9]+
    my ($size, $md5, $fullname) = $localtlp->make_container("tar", $root, $temp, "__BACKUP_$pkg.r$oldrev");
    if ($size <= 0) {
      tlwarn("Creation of backup container of $pkg failed.\n");
      return 1; # backup failed? abort
    }
    foreach my $pkg_part (@pkg_parts) {
      if ($media eq 'CD') {
        copy("$repo/$pkg_part.tar.xz", "$temp");
      } else { # net
        TeXLive::TLUtils::download_file("$repo/$pkg_part.tar.xz", "$temp/$pkg_part.tar.xz");
      }
      # now we should have the file present
      if (!-r "$temp/$pkg_part.tar.xz") {
        tlwarn("Couldn't get $pkg_part.tar.xz, that is bad\n");
        return 1; # abort
      }
      # unpack xz archive
      my $sysret = system("$::progs{'xzdec'} < \"$temp/$pkg_part.tar.xz\" > \"$temp/$pkg_part.tar\"");
      if ($sysret) {
        tlwarn("Couldn't unpack $pkg_part.tar.xz\n");
        return 1; # unpack failed? abort
      }
      unlink("$temp/$pkg_part.tar.xz"); # we don't need that archive anymore
    }
  }
  
  # prepare updater script
  my $respawn_cmd = "cmd.exe /e:on/v:off/d/c";
  $respawn_cmd = "start /wait $respawn_cmd" if ($::gui_mode);
  my $gui_pause = ($::gui_mode ? "pause" : "rem");
  my $upd_log = ($::opt_verbosity ? "STDERR" : '"%~dp0update-self.log"');
  my $std_handles_redir = ($::opt_verbosity ? "1^>^&2" : "2^>$upd_log 1^>^&2");
  my $pkg_log = ($packagelogfile ? "\"$packagelogfile\"" : "nul");
  my $post_update_msg = "You may now close this window.";
  my $rerun_tlmgr = "rem";
  if ($restart_tlmgr) {
    $post_update_msg = "About to restart tlmgr to complete update ...";
    # quote all arguments for tlmgr restart in case of spaces
    $rerun_tlmgr = join (" ", map ("\"$_\"", @::SAVEDARGV) );
    $rerun_tlmgr = "if not errorlevel 1 tlmgr.bat $rerun_tlmgr";
  }
  my $batch_script = <<"EOF";
:: This file is part of an automated update process of
:: infrastructure files and should not be run standalone. 
:: For more details about the update process see comments 
:: in tlmgr.pl (subroutine write_w32_updater).

  if [%1]==[:doit] goto :doit
  if not exist "%~dp0tar.exe" goto :notar
  $respawn_cmd call "%~f0" :doit $std_handles_redir
  $rerun_tlmgr
  goto :eof

:notar
  echo %~nx0: cannot run without "%~dp0tar.exe"
  findstr "^::" <"%~f0"
  exit /b 1

:doit
  set prompt=TL\$G
  title TeX Live Manager $TeXLive::TLConfig::ReleaseYear Upadate
  set PERL5LIB=$root/tlpkg/tlperl/lib
  >con echo DO NOT CLOSE THIS WINDOW!
  >con echo TeX Live infrastructure update in progress ...
  >con echo Detailed command logging to $upd_log
  chdir /d "%~dp0.."
  if not errorlevel 1 goto :update
  >con echo Could not change working directory to "%~dp0.."
  >con echo Aborting infrastructure update, no changes have been made.
  >con $gui_pause 
  exit /b 1
    
:update
  for %%I in (@upd_tar) do (
    temp\\tar.exe -xf temp\\%%I
    if errorlevel 1 goto :rollback
  )
  tlpkg\\tlperl\\bin\\perl.exe .\\texmf\\scripts\\texlive\\tlmgr.pl _include_tlpobj @upd_tlpobj
  if errorlevel 1 goto :rollback
  >>$pkg_log echo [%date% %time%] self update: @upd_info
  >con echo self update: @upd_info
  del "%~dp0*.tar" "%~dp0tar.exe" 
  >con echo Infrastructure update finished successfully.
  >con echo $post_update_msg
  >con $gui_pause 
  exit /b 0

:rollback
  >>$pkg_log echo [%date% %time%] failed self update: @upd_info
  >con echo failed self update: @upd_info
  >con echo Rolling back to previous version ...
  for %%I in (@rst_tar) do (
    temp\\tar.exe -xf temp\\%%I
    if errorlevel 1 goto :panic
  )
  tlpkg\\tlperl\\bin\\perl.exe .\\texmf\\scripts\\texlive\\tlmgr.pl _include_tlpobj @rst_tlpobj
  if errorlevel 1 goto :panic
  >>$pkg_log echo [%date% %time%] self restore: @rst_info
  >con echo self restore: @rst_info
  >con echo Infrastructure update failed. Previous version has been restored.
  >con $gui_pause 
  exit /b 1

:panic
  >>$pkg_log echo [%date% %time%] failed self restore: @rst_info
  >con echo failed self restore: @rst_info
  >con echo FATAL ERROR:
  >con echo Infrastructure update failed and backup recovery failed too.
  >con echo To repair your TeX Live installation download and run:
  >con echo $TeXLive::TLConfig::TeXLiveURL/update-tlmgr-latest.exe
  >con $gui_pause 
  exit /b 666
EOF

  ddebug("\n:: UPDATER BATCH SCRIPT ::\n$batch_script\n:: END OF FILE ::\n");
  if ($opts{"dry-run"}) {
    my $upd_info = "self update: @upd_info";
    $upd_info =~ s/\^//g;
    info($upd_info);
  } else {
    copy("$root/tlpkg/installer/tar.exe", "$temp");
    # make sure copied tar is working
    if (system("\"$temp/tar.exe\" --version >nul")) {
      tlwarn("Could not copy tar.exe, that is bad.\n");
      return 1; # abort
    }
    open UPDATER, ">$temp/updater-w32" or die "Cannot create updater script: $!";
    print UPDATER $batch_script;
    close UPDATER;
  }
  return 0;
}


#  UPDATE
#

#
# compute the list of auto-install, auto-remove, forcibly-removed 
# packages from the list of packages to be installed
# the list of packages passed in is already expanded
sub auto_remove_install_force_packages {
  my @todo = @_;
  my %removals_full;
  my %forcermpkgs_full;
  my %newpkgs_full;
  # check for new/removed/forcibly removed packages.
  # we start from the list of installed collections in the local tlpdb
  # which are also present in the remote database
  # and expand this list once with expand_dependencies in the local tlpdb
  # and once in the tlmedia tlpdb. Then we compare the lists
  # let A = set of local expansions
  #     B = set of remote expansions
  # then we should(?) have
  #     B \ A  set of new packages
  #     A \ B  set of packages removed on the server
  #     A \cup B set of packages which should be checked for forcible removal
  #
  my @all_schmscolls = ();
  for my $p ($localtlpdb->schemes) {
    push (@all_schmscolls, $p) if defined($tlmediatlpdb->get_package($p));
  }
  for my $p ($localtlpdb->collections) {
    push (@all_schmscolls, $p) if defined($tlmediatlpdb->get_package($p));
  }
  my @localexpansion_full =
    $localtlpdb->expand_dependencies($localtlpdb, @all_schmscolls);
  my @remoteexpansion_full =
    $tlmediatlpdb->expand_dependencies($localtlpdb, @all_schmscolls);

  # compute new/remove/forcerm based on the full expansions
  for my $p (@remoteexpansion_full) {
    $newpkgs_full{$p} = 1;
  }
  for my $p (@localexpansion_full) {
    delete($newpkgs_full{$p});
    $removals_full{$p} = 1;
  }
  for my $p (@remoteexpansion_full) {
    delete($removals_full{$p});
  }
  for my $p (@localexpansion_full) {
    # intersection, don't check A\B and B\A
    next if $newpkgs_full{$p};
    next if $removals_full{$p};
    my $tlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($p);
    if (!defined($tlp)) {
      if ($opts{"reinstall-forcibly-removed"}) {
        $newpkgs_full{$p} = 1;
      } else {
        $forcermpkgs_full{$p} = 1;
      }
    }
  }
  #
  # now take only the subset of packages that is in @todo
  # note that @todo is already expanded in action_updated according
  # to the --no-depends and --no-depends-at-all options
  #
  my %removals;
  my %forcermpkgs;
  my %newpkgs;
  for my $p (@todo) {
    $removals{$p} = 1 if defined($removals_full{$p});
    $forcermpkgs{$p} = 1 if defined($forcermpkgs_full{$p});
    $newpkgs{$p} = 1 if defined($newpkgs_full{$p});
  }
  debug ("tlmgr: new pkgs: " . join("\n\t",keys %newpkgs) . "\n");
  debug ("tlmgr: deleted : " . join("\n\t",keys %removals) . "\n");
  debug ("tlmgr: forced  : " . join("\n\t",keys %forcermpkgs) . "\n");

  return (\%removals, \%newpkgs, \%forcermpkgs);
}

# tlmgr update foo
#   if foo is of type Package|Documentation it will update only foo
#     and the respective .ARCH dependencies
#   if foo is of type Collection|Scheme it will update itself AND
#     will check all depending packs of type NOT(COllection|Scheme)
#     for necessary updates
#
# tlmgr update --no-depends foo
#   as above, but will not check for depends of Collections/Schemes
#   but it will still update .ARCH deps
#
# tlmgr update --no-depends-at-all foo
#   will absolutely only update foo not even taking .ARCH into account
#
# TLMedia->install_package INSTALLS ONLY ONE PACKAGE, no deps whatsoever
# anymore. That has all to be done by hand.
#
sub machine_line {
  my ($flag1) = @_;
  my $ret = 0;
  if ($flag1 eq "-ret") {
    $ret = 1;
    shift;
  }
  my ($pkg, $flag, $lrev, $rrev, @args) = @_;
  $lrev ||= "-";
  $rrev ||= "-";
  $flag ||= "?";
  my $str = "$pkg\t$flag\t$lrev\t$rrev\t";
  $str .= join("\t", @args) if (@args);
  $str .= "\n";
  return($str) if $ret;
  print $str;
}

sub action_update {
  if ($opts{"gui"}) {
    action_gui("update");
  }
  init_local_db(1);
  $opts{"no-depends"} = 1 if $opts{"no-depends-at-all"};

  init_tlmedia();
  info("update: dry run, no changes will be made\n") if $opts{"dry-run"};

  my @excluded_pkgs = ();
  if ($opts{"exclude"}) {
    @excluded_pkgs = @{$opts{"exclude"}};
  }

  if (!$opts{"list"}) {
    return if !check_on_writable();
  }

  # check for updates to tlmgr and die unless either --force or --list or --self
  # is given
  my @critical = check_for_critical_updates($localtlpdb, $tlmediatlpdb);
  my $dry_run_cont = $opts{"dry-run"} && ($opts{"dry-run"} < 0);
  if ( !$dry_run_cont  && !$opts{"self"} && @critical) {
    critical_updates_warning();
    if ($opts{"force"}) {
      tlwarn("$0: Continuing due to --force.\n");
    } elsif ($opts{"list"}) {
      # do not warn here
    } else {
      if ($::gui_mode) {
        # return here and don't do any updates
        return;
      } else {
        die "$0: Exiting, please read above warning.\n";
      }
    }
  }

  # do backup dir checking now so that we don't run into troubles
  # later, and exit if that doesn't work
  if ($opts{"backupdir"}) {
    $opts{"backupdir"} = abs_path($opts{"backupdir"});
    if (! -d $opts{"backupdir"}) {
      tlwarn("Argument for --backupdir must be an existing directory. Terminating.\n");
      exit 1;
    }
  }

  my $autobackup = 0;
  # check for the tlpdb option autobackup, and if present and true (!= 0)
  # assume we are doing backups
  if (!$opts{"backup"}) {
    $autobackup = $localtlpdb->option("autobackup");
    if ($autobackup) {
      # check the format, we currently allow only natural numbers, and -1
      if ($autobackup eq "-1") {
        debug ("Automatic backups activated, keeping all backups.\n");
        $opts{"backup"} = 1;
      } elsif ($autobackup eq "0") {
        debug ("Automatic backups disabled.\n");
      } elsif ($autobackup =~ m/^[0-9]+$/) {
        debug ("Automatic backups activated, keeping $autobackup backups.\n");
        $opts{"backup"} = 1;
      } else {
        tlwarn ("Option autobackup can only be an integer >= -1.\n");
        tlwarn ("Disabling auto backups.\n");
        $localtlpdb->option("autobackup", 0);
        $autobackup = 0;
      }
    }
  }

  # cmd line --backup, we check for --backupdir, and if that is not given
  # we try to get the default from the tlpdb. If that doesn't work, exit.
  if ($opts{"backup"}) {
    my $diebackupdir = 0;
    if (!$opts{"backupdir"}) {
      $opts{"backupdir"} = $localtlpdb->option("backupdir");
      if ($opts{"backupdir"}) {
        # check again:
        $opts{"backupdir"} = abs_path($opts{"backupdir"});
        $diebackupdir = 1 if (! -d $opts{"backupdir"});
      } else {
        # not set in the tlpdb, and not set on cmd line, but asked for
        # --backup
        $diebackupdir = 1;
      }
    }
    # no else branch necessary, we already checked that --backupdir if
    # given is ok, see above
    if ($diebackupdir) {
      tlwarn("You have asked for backups, but the backup directory as specified\n");
      tlwarn("in the local TLPDB or the cmd line does not exists, exiting.\n");
      exit 1;
    }
  }

  # finally, if we have --backupdir, but no --backup, just enable it
  $opts{"backup"} = 1 if $opts{"backupdir"};

  debug("Doing backups to $opts{'backupdir'}\n") if $opts{"backup"};

  # these two variables are used throughout this function
  my $root = $localtlpdb->root;
  my $temp = "$root/temp";

  # remove old _BACKUP packages that have piled up in temp
  # they can be recognized by their name starting with __BACKUP_
  for my $f (<$temp/__BACKUP_*>) {
    unlink($f) unless $opts{"dry-run"};
  }


  my @todo;
  if ($opts{"list"}) {
    if ($opts{"all"} || !@ARGV) {
      @todo = $localtlpdb->list_packages;
    } else {
      @todo = @ARGV;
    }
  } elsif ($opts{"self"} && @critical) {
    @todo = @critical;
  } elsif ($opts{"all"}) {
    @todo = $localtlpdb->list_packages;
  } else {
    @todo = @ARGV;
  }
  # don't do anything if we have been invoced in a strange way
  if (!@todo) {
    if ($opts{"self"}) {
      info("tlmgr: no updates for tlmgr present.\n");
    } else {
      tlwarn("tlmgr update: please specify a list of packages or --all.\n");
    }
  }

  if (!$opts{"self"} || ($opts{"self"} && $opts{"list"})) {
    # update all .ARCH dependencies, too, unless $opts{"no-depends-at-all"}:
    @todo = $tlmediatlpdb->expand_dependencies("-only-arch", $localtlpdb, @todo)
      unless $opts{"no-depends-at-all"};
    #
    # update general deps unless $opts{"no-depends"}:
    @todo = $tlmediatlpdb->expand_dependencies("-no-collections",$localtlpdb,@todo)
      unless $opts{"no-depends"};
    #
    # filter out critical packages
    @todo = grep (!m/$CriticalPackagesRegexp/, @todo)
      unless $opts{"list"};
  }
    
  my ($remref, $newref, $forref) = auto_remove_install_force_packages(@todo);
  my %removals = %$remref;
  my %forcermpkgs = %$forref;
  my %newpkgs = %$newref;

  # check that the --exclude options do not conflict with the
  # options --no-auto-remove, --no-auto-install, --reinstall-forcibly-removed
  my @option_conflict_lines = ();
  my $in_conflict = 0;
  if (!$opts{"no-auto-remove"}) {
    for my $pkg (keys %removals) {
      for my $ep (@excluded_pkgs) {
        if ($pkg eq $ep || $pkg =~ m/^$ep\./) {
          push @option_conflict_lines, "$pkg: excluded but scheduled for auto-removal\n";
          $in_conflict = 1;
          last; # of the --exclude for loop
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if (!$opts{"no-auto-install"}) {
    for my $pkg (keys %newpkgs) {
      for my $ep (@excluded_pkgs) {
        if ($pkg eq $ep || $pkg =~ m/^$ep\./) {
          push @option_conflict_lines, "$pkg: excluded but scheduled for auto-install\n";
          $in_conflict = 1;
          last; # of the --exclude for loop
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if ($opts{"reinstall-forcibly-removed"}) {
    for my $pkg (keys %forcermpkgs) {
      for my $ep (@excluded_pkgs) {
        if ($pkg eq $ep || $pkg =~ m/^$ep\./) {
          push @option_conflict_lines, "$pkg: excluded but scheduled for reinstall\n";
          $in_conflict = 1;
          last; # of the --exclude for loop
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if ($in_conflict) {
    tlwarn("Conflicts have been found:\n");
    for (@option_conflict_lines) { tlwarn("  $_"); }
    tlwarn("Please resolve these conflicts!\n");
    exit 1;
  }
      
  #
  # we first collect the list of packages to be actually updated or installed
  my %updated;
  my @new;
  my @addlines;

  TODO: foreach my $pkg (sort @todo) {
    next if ($pkg =~ m/^00texlive/);
    for my $ep (@excluded_pkgs) {
      if ($pkg eq $ep || $pkg =~ m/^$ep\./) {
        info("Skipping excluded package $pkg\n");
        next TODO;
      }
    }
    my $tlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($pkg);
    if (!defined($tlp)) {
      # if the user has forcibly removed (say) bin-makeindex, then the
      # loop above has no way to add bin-makeindex.ARCH into the
      # %forcermpkgs hash, but the .ARCH will still be in the dependency
      # expansion.  So try both with and without the .ARCH extension.
      (my $pkg_noarch = $pkg) =~ s/\.[^.]*$//;
      my $forcerm_coll = $forcermpkgs{$pkg} || $forcermpkgs{$pkg_noarch};

      # similarly for new packages.  If latexmk is new, latexmk.ARCH
      # will be in the dependency expansion, and we want it.
      my $newpkg_coll = $newpkgs{$pkg} || $newpkgs{$pkg_noarch};
      if ($forcerm_coll) {
        if ($::machinereadable) {
          # TODO should we add a revision number
          push @addlines,
            machine_line("-ret", $pkg, $FLAG_FORCIBLE_REMOVED, "-", "-", "-");
        } else {
          info("skipping forcibly removed package $pkg\n");
        }
        next;
      } elsif ($newpkg_coll) {
        # do nothing here, it will be reported below.
      } elsif (defined($removals{$pkg})) {
        # skipping this package, it has been removed due to server removal
        # and has already been removed
        next;
      } else {
        tlwarn("\ntlmgr: $pkg mentioned, but neither new nor forcibly removed\n");
        next;
      }
      # install new packages
      my $mediatlp = $tlmediatlpdb->get_package($pkg);
      if (!defined($mediatlp)) {
        tlwarn("\nShould not happen: $pkg not found in $location");
        next;
      }
      my $mediarev = $mediatlp->revision;
      push @new, $pkg;
      next;
    }
    my $rev = $tlp->revision;
    my $mediatlp = $tlmediatlpdb->get_package($pkg);
    if (!defined($mediatlp)) {
      debug("$pkg cannot be found in $location\n");
      next;
    }
    my $mediarev = $mediatlp->revision;
    if ($rev < $mediarev) {
      $updated{$pkg} = 0; # will be changed to one on successful update
    } elsif ($rev > $mediarev) {
      if ($::machinereadable) {
        push @addlines,
          machine_line("-ret", $pkg, $FLAG_REVERSED_UPDATE, $rev, $mediarev, "-");
      } else {
        info("$pkg: local revision ($rev) is newer than revision in $location"
            . " ($mediarev), not updating.\n");
      }
    }
  }
  my @updated = sort keys %updated;
  for my $i (sort @new) {
    debug("$i new package\n");
  }
  for my $i (@updated) {
    debug("$i upd package\n");
  }

  # number calculation
  # without w32 special packages, those are dealt with in the updater batch
  # script
  my $totalnr = $#updated + 1;
  my @alltodo = @updated;
  my $nrupdated = 0;
  my $currnr = 1;

  # we have to remove all the stuff before we install other packages
  # to support moving of files from one package to another.
  # remove the packages that have disappeared:
  # we add that only to the list of total packages do be worked on
  # when --all is given, because we remove packages only on --all
  if (!$opts{"no-auto-remove"}) {
    my @foo = keys %removals;
    $totalnr += $#foo + 1;
  }
  if (!$opts{"no-auto-install"}) {
    $totalnr += $#new + 1;
    push @alltodo, @new;
  }

  # sizes_of_packages returns the sizes of *all* packages if nothing
  # is passed over, so if @new and @updated both are empty we will
  # get something wrong back, namely the total size of all packages
  my %sizes;
  if (@alltodo) {
    %sizes = %{$tlmediatlpdb->sizes_of_packages(
      $localtlpdb->option("install_srcfiles"),
      $localtlpdb->option("install_docfiles"), @alltodo)};
  } else {
    $sizes{'__TOTAL__'} = 0;
  }

  print "total-bytes\t$sizes{'__TOTAL__'}\n" if $::machinereadable;
  print "end-of-header\n" if $::machinereadable;

  # print deferred machine-readable lines after the header
  for (@addlines) { print; }

  #
  # ORDER OF PACKAGE ACTIONS
  # 1. removals
  # 2. updates
  # 3. auto-install
  # that way if a file has been moved from one to another package it
  # removing the old version after the new package has been installed 
  # will not give a warning about files being included somewhere else
  #

  #
  # REMOVALS
  #
  for my $p (keys %removals) {
    if ($opts{"no-auto-remove"}) {
      info("not removing $p due to -no-auto-remove (removed on server)\n");
    } else {
      &ddebug("removing package $p\n");
      my $pkg = $localtlmedia->tlpdb->get_package($p);
      if (! $pkg) {
        # This happened when a collection was removed by the user,
        # and then renamed on the server, e.g., collection-langarab ->
        # collection-langarabic; Luecking report 20 July 2009.
        &ddebug(" get_package($p) failed, ignoring");
        next;
      }
      my $rev = $pkg->revision;
      if ($opts{"list"}) {
        if ($::machinereadable) {
          machine_line($p, $FLAG_REMOVE, $rev, "-", "-", "-");
        } else {
          info("$p: local: $rev, source: <absent> (auto-remove)\n");
        }
        $currnr++;
      } else {
        # new we are sure that:
        # - $opts{"no-auto-remove"} is *not* set
        # - $opts{"list"} is *not* set
        # we have to check in addition that
        # - $opts{"dry-run"} is not set
        if ($::machinereadable) {
          machine_line($p, $FLAG_REMOVE, $rev, "-", "-", "-");
        } else {
          info("[$currnr/$totalnr] auto-remove: $p\n");
        }
        if (!$opts{"dry-run"}) {
          $localtlmedia->remove_package($p);
          logpackage("remove: $p");
        }
        $currnr++;
      }
    }
  }


  my $starttime = time();
  my $donesize = 0;
  my $totalsize = $sizes{'__TOTAL__'};


  # 
  # UPDATES
  #
  #
  # update order of packages:
  # first all normal packages, then collections, then schemes
  # this way if installation breaks off and a new package in a collection
  # isn't already installed, but the collection already updated, it will
  # be reported as forcibly removed.
  my @inst_packs;
  my @inst_colls;
  my @inst_schemes;
  for my $pkg (@updated) {
    # we do name checking here, not to load all tlpobj again and again
    if ($pkg =~ m/^scheme-/) {
      push @inst_schemes, $pkg;
    } elsif ($pkg =~ m/^collection-/) {
      push @inst_colls, $pkg;
    } else {
      push @inst_packs, $pkg;
    }
  }
  @inst_packs = sort packagecmp @inst_packs;

  #
  foreach my $pkg (@inst_packs, @inst_colls, @inst_schemes) {
    # skip this loop if infra update on w32
    next if ($pkg =~ m/^00texlive/);
    my $tlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($pkg);
    # we checked already that this package is present!
    # but our checks seem to be wrong, no idea why
    if (!defined($tlp)) {
      tlwarn("tlmgr: tlp for package $pkg cannot be found, please report.\n");
      next;
    }
    my $unwind_package;
    my $remove_unwind_container = 0;
    my $rev = $tlp->revision;
    my $mediatlp = $tlmediatlpdb->get_package($pkg);
    if (!defined($mediatlp)) {
      debug("$pkg cannot be found in $location\n");
      next;
    }
    my $mediarev = $mediatlp->revision;
    $nrupdated++;
    if ($opts{"list"}) {
      if ($::machinereadable) {
        machine_line($pkg, $FLAG_UPDATE, $rev, $mediarev, $sizes{$pkg});
      } else {
        my $kb = int($sizes{$pkg} / 1024) + 1;
        info("$pkg [${kb}k]: local: $rev, source: $mediarev (update)\n");
      }
      $updated{$pkg} = 1;
      next;
    } elsif (win32() && $opts{"self"}) {
      # we pretend that the update happened
      # in order to calculate file changes properly
      $updated{$pkg} = 1;
      next;
    }

    if ($opts{"backup"} && !$opts{"dry-run"}) {
      $tlp->make_container("xz", $root,
                           $opts{"backupdir"}, "${pkg}.r" . $tlp->revision,
                           $tlp->relocated);
      $unwind_package =
        "$opts{'backupdir'}/${pkg}.r" . $tlp->revision . ".tar.xz";

      if ($autobackup) {
        # in case we do auto backups we remove older backups
        clear_old_backups($pkg, $opts{"backupdir"}, $autobackup);
      }
    }

    my ($estrem, $esttot);
    if (!$opts{"list"}) {
      ($estrem, $esttot) = TeXLive::TLUtils::time_estimate($totalsize,
                             $donesize, $starttime);
    }

    if ($::machinereadable) {
      machine_line($pkg, $FLAG_UPDATE, $rev, $mediarev, $sizes{$pkg}, $estrem, $esttot);
    } else {
      my $kb = int ($sizes{$pkg} / 1024) + 1;
      info("[$currnr/$totalnr, $estrem/$esttot] update: $pkg [${kb}k] ($rev -> $mediarev)");
    }
    $donesize += $sizes{$pkg};
    $currnr++;

    if ($opts{"dry-run"}) {
      info("\n") unless $::machinereadable;
      $updated{$pkg} = 1;
      next;
    } else {
      info(" ... ") unless $::machinereadable;  # more to come
    }

    if (!$unwind_package) {
      # no backup was made, so let us create a temporary .tar file
      # of the package
      my $tlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($pkg);
      my ($s, $m, $fullname) = $tlp->make_container("tar", $root, $temp,
                                    "__BACKUP_${pkg}.r" . $tlp->revision);
      if ($s <= 0) {
        tlwarn("\n$0: Creation of backup container of $pkg failed.\n");
        tlwarn("Continuing to update other packages, please retry...\n");
        # we should try to update other packages at least
        next;
      }
      $remove_unwind_container = 1;
      $unwind_package = "$fullname";
    }
    # first remove the package, then reinstall it
    # this way we get rid of useless files
    # force the deinstallation since we will reinstall it
    #
    # the remove_package should also remove empty dirs in case
    # a dir is changed into a file
    if ($pkg =~ m/$CriticalPackagesRegexp/) {
      debug("Not removing critical package $pkg\n");
    } else {
      $localtlmedia->remove_package($pkg);
    }
    if ($tlmediasrc->install_package($pkg, $localtlpdb)) {
      # installation succeeded because we got a reference
      logpackage("update: $pkg ($rev -> $mediarev)");
      unlink($unwind_package) if $remove_unwind_container;
      # remember successful update
      $updated{$pkg} = 1;
    } else {
      # install_package returned a scalar, so error.
      # now in fact we should do some cleanup, removing files and
      # dirs from the new package before re-installing the old one.
      # TODO
      logpackage("failed update: $pkg ($rev -> $mediarev)");
      tlwarn("\n\nInstallation of new version of $pkg did fail, trying to unwind.\n");
      if (win32()) {
        # w32 is notorious for not releasing a file immediately
        # we experienced permission denied errors
        my $newname = $unwind_package;
        $newname =~ s/__BACKUP/___BACKUP/;
        copy ("-f", $unwind_package, $newname);
        # try to remove the file if has been created by us
        unlink($unwind_package) if $remove_unwind_container;
        # and make sure that the temporary file is removed in any case
        $remove_unwind_container = 1;
        $unwind_package = $newname;
      }
      my $instret = TeXLive::TLMedia->_install_package("$unwind_package", 0,
                                                       [], $localtlpdb);
      if ($instret) {
        # now we have to include the tlpobj
        my $tlpobj = TeXLive::TLPOBJ->new;
        $tlpobj->from_file($root . "/tlpkg/tlpobj/$pkg.tlpobj");
        $localtlpdb->add_tlpobj($tlpobj);
        $localtlpdb->save;
        logpackage("restore: $pkg ($rev)");
        tlwarn("Restoring old package state succeeded.\n");
      } else {
        logpackage("failed restore: $pkg ($rev)");
        tlwarn("Restoring of old package did NOT succeed.\n");
        tlwarn("Most likely repair: run tlmgr install $pkg and hope.\n");
      }
      unlink($unwind_package) if $remove_unwind_container;
    }
    info("done\n") unless $::machinereadable;
  }


  #
  # NEW PACKAGES
  #
  my @new_packs;
  my @new_colls;
  my @new_schemes;
  for my $pkg (sort @new) {
    # we do name checking here, not to load all tlpobj again and again
    if ($pkg =~ m/^scheme-/) {
      push @new_schemes, $pkg;
    } elsif ($pkg =~ m/^collection-/) {
      push @new_colls, $pkg;
    } else {
      push @new_packs, $pkg;
    }
  }
  @new_packs = sort packagecmp @new_packs;
  for my $pkg (@new_packs, @new_colls, @new_schemes) {
    if ($opts{"no-auto-install"}) {
      info("not auto-installing $pkg due to -no-auto-install (new on server)\n")
        unless $::machinereadable;
    } else {
      # install new packages
      my $mediatlp = $tlmediatlpdb->get_package($pkg);
      if (!defined($mediatlp)) {
        tlwarn("\nShould not happen: $pkg not found in $location");
        next;
      }
      my $mediarev = $mediatlp->revision;
      my ($estrem, $esttot);
      if (!$opts{"list"}) {
        ($estrem, $esttot) = TeXLive::TLUtils::time_estimate($totalsize,
                               $donesize, $starttime);
      }
      if ($::machinereadable) {
        my @maargs = ($pkg, $FLAG_AUTOINSTALL, "-", $mediatlp->revision, $sizes{$pkg});
        if (!$opts{"list"}) {
          push @maargs, $estrem, $esttot;
        }
        machine_line(@maargs);
      } else {
        my $kb = int($sizes{$pkg} / 1024) + 1;
        if ($opts{"list"}) {
          info("$pkg [${kb}k]: local: <absent>, source: " . $mediatlp->revision . " (auto-install)\n");
        } else {
          info("[$currnr/$totalnr, $estrem/$esttot] auto-install: $pkg [${kb}k]\n");
        }
      }
      $currnr++;
      $donesize += $sizes{$pkg};
      next if ($opts{"dry-run"} || $opts{"list"});
      if ($tlmediasrc->install_package($pkg, $localtlpdb)) {
        # installation succeeded because we got a reference
        logpackage("auto-install new: $pkg ($mediarev)");
        $nrupdated++;
      } else {
        tlwarn("$0: couldn't install new package $pkg\n");
      }
    }
  }


  print "end-of-updates\n" if $::machinereadable;

  #
  # check that if updates to the critical packages are present all of
  # them have been successfully updated
  my $infra_update_done = 1;
  my @infra_files_to_be_removed;
  if ($opts{"list"}) {
    $infra_update_done = 0;
  } else {
    for my $pkg (@critical) {
      next unless (defined($updated{$pkg}));
      $infra_update_done &&= $updated{$pkg};
      my $oldtlp;
      my $newtlp;
      if ($updated{$pkg}) {
        $oldtlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($pkg);
        $newtlp = $tlmediatlpdb->get_package($pkg);
      } else {
        # update failed but we could introduce new files, that
        # should be removed now as a part of restoring backup
        $oldtlp = $tlmediatlpdb->get_package($pkg);
        $newtlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($pkg);
      }
      die ("That shouldn't happen: $pkg not found in tlpdb") if !defined($newtlp);
      die ("That shouldn't happen: $pkg not found in tlpdb") if !defined($oldtlp);
      my @old_infra_files = $oldtlp->all_files;
      my @new_infra_files = $newtlp->all_files;
      my %del_files;
      @del_files{@old_infra_files} = ();
      delete @del_files{@new_infra_files};
      for my $k (keys %del_files) {
        my @found_pkgs = $localtlpdb->find_file($k);
        if ($#found_pkgs >= 0) {
          my $bad_file = 1;
          if (win32()) {
            # on win32 the packages have not been removed already,
            # so we check that the only package listed in @found_pkgs
            # is the one we are working on ($pkg)
            if ($#found_pkgs == 0 && $found_pkgs[0] =~ m/^$pkg:/) {
              # only one package has been returned and it
              # matches the current package followed by a colon
              # remember the TLPDB->find_file returns 
              #   $pkg:$file
              # in this case we can ignore it
              $bad_file = 0;
            }
          }
          if ($bad_file) {
            tlwarn("The file $k has disappeared from the critical" .
                   "package $pkg but is still present in @found_pkgs\n");
          } else {
            push @infra_files_to_be_removed, $k;
          }
        } else {
          push @infra_files_to_be_removed, $k;
        }
      }
    }

    if (!win32()) {
      for my $f (@infra_files_to_be_removed) {
        # TODO actually unlink the stuff
        #unlink("$Master/$f");
        debug("removing disappearing file $f\n");
      }
    } 
  } # end of if ($opts{"list"}) ... else part

  # check if any additional updates are asked for
  my $other_updates_asked_for = 0;
  if ($opts{"all"}) {
    $other_updates_asked_for = 1;
  } else {
    foreach my $p (@ARGV) {
      if ($p !~ m/$CriticalPackagesRegexp/) {
        $other_updates_asked_for = 1;
        last;
      }
    }
  }

  my $restart_tlmgr = 0;
  if ($opts{"self"} && @critical &&
      $infra_update_done && $other_updates_asked_for) {
    # weed out the --self argument from the saved arguments
    @::SAVEDARGV = grep (!m/^-?-self$/, @::SAVEDARGV);
    $restart_tlmgr = 1;
  }

  # infra update and tlmgr restart on win32 is done by the updater batch script
  if (win32() && !$opts{"list"} && @critical) {
    info("Preparing TeX Live infrastructure update...\n");
    for my $f (@infra_files_to_be_removed) {
      debug("file scheduled for removal $f\n");
    }
    my $ret = write_w32_updater($restart_tlmgr, 
                                \@infra_files_to_be_removed, @critical);
    if ($ret) {
      tlwarn ("Aborting infrastructure update.\n");
      $restart_tlmgr = 0 if ($opts{"dry-run"});
    }
  }

  # only when we are not dry-running we restart the program
  if (!win32() && $restart_tlmgr && !$opts{"dry-run"} && !$opts{"list"}) {
    info ("Restarting tlmgr to complete update ...\n");
    debug("restarting tlmgr @::SAVEDARGV\n");
    exec("tlmgr", @::SAVEDARGV);
    die "cannot restart tlmgr, please retry update";
  }

  # for --dry-run we cannot restart tlmgr (no way to fake successful infra update)
  # instead we call action_update() again and signal this by $opts{"dry-run"} = -1
  if ($opts{"dry-run"} && !$opts{"list"} && $restart_tlmgr) {
    $opts{"self"} = 0;
    $opts{"dry-run"} = -1;
    $localtlmedia = undef;
    $tlmediatlpdb = undef;
    info ("Restarting tlmgr to complete update ...\n");
    action_update();
    return;
  }
  
  # if a real update from default disk location didn't find anything,
  # warn if nothing is updated.
  if (!(@new || @updated)) {
    info("tlmgr: no updates available\n");
    if ($tlmediasrc->media ne "NET"
        && !$opts{"dry-run"}
        && !$opts{"repository"}
       ) {
      tlwarn("\nYour installation is set up to look on the disk for updates.\n");
      tlwarn("To install from the Internet for this one time only, run\n");
      tlwarn("  tlmgr -repository $TeXLiveURL\n");
      tlwarn("\nTo change the default for all future updates, run\n");
      tlwarn("  tlmgr option repository $TeXLiveURL\n\n");
    }
  }
}


#  INSTALL
#
# tlmgr install foo bar baz
#   will create the closure under dependencies of {foo,bar,baz}, i.e. all
#   dependencies recursively down to the last package, and install all
#   the packages that are necessary
#
# tlmgr install --no-depends foo bar baz
#   will *only* install these three packages (if they are not already installed
#   but it will STILL INSTALL foo.ARCH if they are necessary.
#
# tlmgr install --no-depends-at-all foo bar baz
#   will absolutely only install these three packages, and will not even
#   take .ARCH deps into account
#
# tlmgr install --reinstall ...
#   behaves exactely like without --reinstall BUT the following two
#   differences:
#   . dependencies are not expanded from collection to collection, so
#     if you reinstall a collection then all its dependencies of type
#     Package will be reinstalled, too, but not the dependencies on
#     other collection, because that would force the full reinstallation
#     of the whole installation
#   . it does not care for whether a package seems to be installed or
#     not (that is the --reinstall)
#
# TLMedia->install_package does ONLY INSTALL ONE PACKAGE, no deps whatsoever
# anymore!  That has all to be done by hand.
#
sub action_install {
  if ($opts{"gui"}) {
    action_gui("install");
  }
  init_local_db(1);
  return if !check_on_writable();
  # initialize the TLMedia from $location
  $opts{"no-depends"} = 1 if $opts{"no-depends-at-all"};
  init_tlmedia();

  # check for updates to tlmgr itself, and die unless --force is given
  if (check_for_critical_updates( $localtlpdb, $tlmediatlpdb)) {
    critical_updates_warning();
    if ($opts{"force"}) {
      tlwarn("Continuing due to --force\n");
    } else {
      if ($::gui_mode) {
        # return here and don't do any updates
        return;
      } else {
        die "tlmgr: Not continuing, please see warning above!\n";
      }
    }
  }

  $opts{"no-depends"} = 1 if $opts{"no-depends-at-all"};
  info("install: dry run, no changes will be made\n") if $opts{"dry-run"};

  my @packs = @ARGV;
  # first expand the .ARCH dependencies unless $opts{"no-depends-at-all"}
  @packs = $tlmediatlpdb->expand_dependencies("-only-arch", $localtlpdb, @ARGV) unless $opts{"no-depends-at-all"};
  # now expand all others unless $opts{"no-depends"}
  # if $opts{"reinstall"} do not collection->collection dependencies
  if ($opts{"reinstall"}) {
    @packs = $tlmediatlpdb->expand_dependencies("-no-collections", $localtlpdb, @packs) unless $opts{"no-depends"};
  } else {
    @packs = $tlmediatlpdb->expand_dependencies($localtlpdb, @packs) unless $opts{"no-depends"};
  }
  #
  # installation order of packages:
  # first all normal packages, then collections, then schemes
  # isn't already installed, but the collection already updated, it will
  # be reported as forcibly removed.
  my @inst_packs;
  my @inst_colls;
  my @inst_schemes;
  for my $pkg (sort @packs) {
    # we do name checking here, not to load all tlpobj again and again
    if ($pkg =~ m/^scheme-/) {
      push @inst_schemes, $pkg;
    } elsif ($pkg =~ m/^collection-/) {
      push @inst_colls, $pkg;
    } else {
      push @inst_packs, $pkg;
    }
  }
  @inst_packs = sort packagecmp @inst_packs;

  my $starttime = time();
  # count packages
  my $totalnr = 0;
  my %revs;
  my @todo;
  for my $pkg (@inst_packs, @inst_colls, @inst_schemes) {
    my $pkgrev = 0;
    my $mediatlp = $tlmediatlpdb->get_package($pkg);
    if (!defined($mediatlp)) {
      tlwarn("package $pkg not present in package repository.\n");
      next;
    }
    if (defined($localtlpdb->get_package($pkg))) {
      if ($opts{"reinstall"}) {
        $totalnr++;
        $revs{$pkg} = $mediatlp->revision;
        push @todo, $pkg;
      } else {
        debug("already installed: $pkg\n");
      }
    } else {
      $totalnr++;
      $revs{$pkg} = $mediatlp->revision;
      push @todo, $pkg;
    }
  }
  # return if there is nothing to install!
  return if (!@todo);

  my $currnr = 1;
  my %sizes = %{$tlmediatlpdb->sizes_of_packages(
    $localtlpdb->option("install_srcfiles"),
    $localtlpdb->option("install_docfiles"), @todo)};
  defined($sizes{'__TOTAL__'}) || ($sizes{'__TOTAL__'} = 0);
  my $totalsize = $sizes{'__TOTAL__'};
  my $donesize = 0;
  
  print "total-bytes\t$sizes{'__TOTAL__'}\n" if $::machinereadable;
  print "end-of-header\n" if $::machinereadable;

  foreach my $pkg (@todo) {
    my $flag = $FLAG_INSTALL;
    my $re = "";
    if (defined($localtlpdb->get_package($pkg))) {
      if ($opts{"reinstall"}) {
        $re = "re";
        $flag = $FLAG_REINSTALL;
      } else {
        debug("already installed (but didn't we say that already?): $pkg\n");
        next;
      }
    }
    my ($estrem, $esttot) = TeXLive::TLUtils::time_estimate($totalsize,
                              $donesize, $starttime);
    my $kb = int($sizes{$pkg} / 1024) + 1;
    if ($::machinereadable) {
      machine_line($pkg, $flag, "-", $revs{$pkg}, $sizes{$pkg}, $estrem, $esttot);
    } else {
      info("[$currnr/$totalnr, $estrem/$esttot] ${re}install: $pkg [${kb}k]\n");
    }
    if (!$opts{"dry-run"}) {
      $tlmediasrc->install_package($pkg, $localtlpdb);
      logpackage("${re}install: $pkg");
    }
    $donesize += $sizes{$pkg};
    $currnr++;
  }
  print "end-of-updates\n" if $::machinereadable;
  if ($opts{"dry-run"}) {
    # stop here, don't do any postinstall actions
    return(0);
  }
}

sub action_list {
  init_local_db();
  # make sure that the @ARGV hash is not changed in case we switch to
  # show mode
  my ($what) = @ARGV;
  if ($what) {
    # if the argument to list is either 'collection' or 'scheme'
    # we list them, otherwise we go direct into tlmgr show $pkg mode
    if ($what !~ m/^(collection|scheme)/i) {
      tlwarn("(switching to show mode)\n");
      action_show();
      return;
    }
  } else {
    $what = "";
  }
  my $tlm;
  if ($opts{"only-installed"}) {
    $tlm = $localtlmedia;
  } else {
    init_tlmedia();
    $tlm = $tlmediasrc;
  }
  my @whattolist;
  if ($what =~ m/^collection/i) {
    @whattolist = $tlm->tlpdb->collections;
  } elsif ($what =~ m/^scheme/i) {
    @whattolist = $tlm->tlpdb->schemes;
  } else {
    @whattolist = $tlm->tlpdb->list_packages;
  }
  foreach (@whattolist) {
    if (defined($localtlpdb->get_package($_))) {
      print "i ";
    } else {
      print "  ";
    }
    my $foo = $tlm->tlpdb->get_package($_)->shortdesc;
    print "$_: ", defined($foo) ? $foo : "(shortdesc missing)" , "\n";
  }
  return;
}


#  OPTION
#
sub action_option {
  if ($opts{"gui"}) {
    action_gui("config");
  }
  my $what = shift @ARGV;
  $what = "show" unless defined($what);
  init_local_db();
  if ($what =~ m/^show$/i) {
    for my $o (keys %{$localtlpdb->options}) {
      # ignore some things which are win32 specific
      next if ($o eq "desktop_integration" && !win32());
      next if ($o eq "file_assocs" && !win32());
      next if ($o eq "w32_multi_user" && !win32());
      if (win32()) {
        next if ($o =~ m/^sys_/);
      }
      if (defined $TLPDBOptions{$o}) {
        if ($::machinereadable) {
          print "$TLPDBOptions{$o}->[2]\t", $localtlpdb->option($o), "\n";
        } else {
          info("$TLPDBOptions{$o}->[3] ($TLPDBOptions{$o}->[2]): " .
                $localtlpdb->option($o) . "\n");
        }
      } else {
        tlwarn ("option $o not supported\n");
      }
    }
  } elsif ($what =~ m/^showall$/i) {
    my %loc = %{$localtlpdb->options};
    for my $o (keys %TLPDBOptions) {
      if ($::machinereadable) {
        print "$TLPDBOptions{$o}->[2]\t",
          (defined($loc{$o}) ? $loc{$o} : "(not set)"), "\n";
      } else {
        info("$TLPDBOptions{$o}->[3] ($TLPDBOptions{$o}->[2]): " .
             (defined($loc{$o}) ? $loc{$o} : "(not set)") . "\n");
      }
    }
  } else {
    if ($what eq "location") {
      # rewrite location -> repository
      $what = "repository";
    }
    my $found = 0;
    for my $opt (keys %TLPDBOptions) {
      if ($what eq $TLPDBOptions{$opt}->[2]) {
        $found = 1;
        # the option argument matches the name
        my $val = shift @ARGV;
        if (defined($val)) {
          return if !check_on_writable();
          # set new value
          # here we have to care for some special cases
          if ($what eq $TLPDBOptions{"location"}->[2]) {
            # support "ctan" on the cmd line, and don't abs_path it!
            if ($val =~ m/^ctan$/i) {
              $val = "$TeXLive::TLConfig::TeXLiveURL";
            }
            if ($val !~ m!^(http|ftp)://!i) {
              # seems to be a local path, try to normalize it
              my $testloc = abs_path($val);
              # however, if we were given a url, that will get "normalized"
              # to the empty string, it not being a path.
              # Restore the original value if so.
              $val = $testloc if $testloc;
            }
            info("tlmgr: setting default package repository to $val\n");
            $localtlpdb->option($opt, $val);
          } elsif ($what eq $TLPDBOptions{"backupdir"}->[2]) {
            info("tlmgr: setting option $what to $val.\n");
            if (! -d $val) {
              info("tlmgr: the directory $val does not exists, it has to be created\n");
              info("tlmgr: before backups can be done automatically.\n");
            }
            $localtlpdb->option($opt, $val);
          } elsif ($what eq $TLPDBOptions{"w32_multi_user"}->[2]) {
            # when running w32 do not allow that a non-admin users sets
            # this from false to true
            my $do_it = 0;
            if (win32()) {
              if (admin()) {
                $do_it = 1;
              } else {
                if ($val) {
                  # non admin and tries to set to true, warn
                  tlwarn("tlmgr: non-admin user cannot set $TLPDBOptions{'w32_multi_user'}->[2] option to true\n");
                } else {
                  $do_it = 1;
                }
              }
            } else {
              $do_it = 1;
            }
            if ($do_it) {
              if ($val) {
                info("tlmgr: setting option $what to 1.\n");
                $localtlpdb->option($opt, 1);
              } else {
                info("tlmgr: setting option $what to 0.\n");
                $localtlpdb->option($opt, 0);
              }
            }
          } else {
            # default case, switch for different types
            if ($TLPDBOptions{$opt}->[0] eq "b") {
              if ($val) {
                info("tlmgr: setting option $what to 1.\n");
                $localtlpdb->option($opt, 1);
              } else {
                info("tlmgr: setting option $what to 0.\n");
                $localtlpdb->option($opt, 0);
              }
            } elsif ($TLPDBOptions{$opt}->[0] eq "p") {
              info("tlmgr: setting option $what to $val.\n");
              $localtlpdb->option($opt, $val);
            } elsif ($TLPDBOptions{$opt}->[0] eq "u") {
              info("tlmgr: setting option $what to $val.\n");
              $localtlpdb->option($opt, $val);
            } elsif ($TLPDBOptions{$opt}->[0] =~ m/^n(:((-)?\d+)?..((-)?\d+)?)?$/) {
              my $isgood = 1;
              my $n = int($val);
              my $low;
              my $up;
              if (defined($1)) {
                # range given
                if (defined($2)) {
                  # lower border
                  if ($2 > $n) {
                    tlwarn("value $n for $what out of range ($TLPDBOptions{$opt}->[0])\n");
                    $isgood = 0;
                  }
                }
                if (defined($4)) {
                  # upper border
                  if ($4 < $n) {
                    tlwarn("value $n for $what out of range ($TLPDBOptions{$opt}->[0])\n");
                    $isgood = 0;
                  }
                }
              }
              if ($isgood) {
                info("tlmgr: setting option $what to $n.\n");
                $localtlpdb->option($opt, $n);
              }
            } else {
              tlwarn ("Unknown type of option $opt: $TLPDBOptions{$opt}->[0]\n");
            }
          }
          $localtlpdb->save;
          # now also save the TLPOBJ of 00texlive.installation
          my $tlpo = $localtlpdb->get_package("00texlive.installation");
          if ($tlpo) {
            if (open(TOFD, ">$Master/tlpkg/tlpobj/00texlive.installation.tlpobj")) {
              $tlpo->writeout(\*TOFD);
              close(TOFD);
            } else {
              tlwarn("Cannot save 00texlive.installation to $Master/tlpkg/tlpobj/00texlive.installation.tlpobj\n");
            }
          }
        } else {
          # show current value
          if ($::machinereadable) {
            print "$TLPDBOptions{$opt}->[2]\t", $localtlpdb->option($opt), "\n";
          } else {
            info ("$TLPDBOptions{$opt}->[3] ($TLPDBOptions{$opt}->[2]): " .
                  $localtlpdb->option($opt) . "\n");
          }
        }
        last;
      }
    }
    if (!$found) {
      tlwarn("tlmgr: option $what not supported!\n");
    }
  }
  return;
}


#  ARCH
#
sub action_arch {
  my @extra_w32_packs = qw/tlperl.win32 tlgs.win32 tlpsv.win32
                           collection-wintools
                           dviout.win32 wintools.win32/;
  if ($^O=~/^MSWin(32|64)$/i) {
    warn("action `arch' not supported on Windows\n");
  }
  if ($opts{"gui"}) {
    action_gui("arch");
  }
  my $what = shift @ARGV;
  init_local_db(1);
  info("arch: dry run, no changes will be made\n") if $opts{"dry-run"};
  $what || ($what = "list");
  if ($what =~ m/^list$/i) {
    # list the available architectures
    # initialize the TLMedia from $location
    init_tlmedia();
    my $mediatlpdb = $tlmediasrc->tlpdb;
    my @already_installed_arch = $localtlpdb->available_architectures;
    print "Available architectures:\n";
    foreach my $a ($mediatlpdb->available_architectures) {
      if (member($a,@already_installed_arch)) {
        print "(i) $a\n";
      } else {
        print "    $a\n";
      }
    }
    print "Already installed architectures are marked with (i)\n";
    print "You can add new architectures with tlmgr arch add arch1 arch2\n";
    finish(0);
  } elsif ($what =~ m/^add$/i) {
    return if !check_on_writable();
    init_tlmedia();
    my $mediatlpdb = $tlmediasrc->tlpdb;
    my @already_installed_arch = $localtlpdb->available_architectures;
    my @available_arch = $mediatlpdb->available_architectures;
    my @todoarchs;
    foreach my $a (@ARGV) {
      if (TeXLive::TLUtils::member($a, @already_installed_arch)) {
        print "Arch $a is already installed\n";
        next;
      }
      if (!TeXLive::TLUtils::member($a, @available_arch)) {
        print "Arch $a not available, use 'tlmgr arch list'!\n";
        next;
      }
      push @todoarchs, $a;
    }
    foreach my $pkg ($localtlpdb->list_packages) {
      next if ($pkg =~ m/^00texlive/);
      my $tlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($pkg);
      foreach my $dep ($tlp->depends) {
        if ($dep =~ m/^(.*)\.ARCH$/) {
          # we have to install something
          foreach my $a (@todoarchs) {
            if ($tlmediatlpdb->get_package("$pkg.$a")) {
              info("install: $pkg.$a\n");
              $tlmediasrc->install_package("$pkg.$a", $localtlpdb)
                if (!$opts{"dry-run"});
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    if (TeXLive::TLUtils::member('win32', @todoarchs)) {
      # install the necessary w32 stuff
      for my $p (@extra_w32_packs) {
        info("install: $p\n");
        $tlmediasrc->install_package($p, $localtlpdb) if (!$opts{"dry-run"});
      }
    }
    # update the option("available_architectures") list of installed archs
    if (!$opts{"dry-run"}) {
      my @larchs = $localtlpdb->setting("available_architectures");
      push @larchs, @todoarchs;
      $localtlpdb->setting("available_architectures",@larchs);
      $localtlpdb->save;
    }
  } elsif ($what =~ m/^remove$/i) {
    return if !check_on_writable();
    my @already_installed_arch = $localtlpdb->available_architectures;
    my @todoarchs;
    my $currentarch = $localtlmedia->platform();
    foreach my $a (@ARGV) {
      if (!TeXLive::TLUtils::member($a, @already_installed_arch)) {
        print "Arch $a not installed, use 'tlmgr arch list'!\n";
        next;
      }
      if ($currentarch eq $a) {
        info("You are running on arch $a, you cannot remove that one!\n");
        next;
      }
      push @todoarchs, $a;
    }
    foreach my $pkg ($localtlpdb->list_packages) {
      next if ($pkg =~ m/^00texlive/);
      my $tlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($pkg);
      if (!$tlp) {
        # that is a package foobar.$a that has already been remove but
        # is still in the list above, so ignore that
        next;
      }
      foreach my $dep ($tlp->depends) {
        if ($dep =~ m/^(.*)\.ARCH$/) {
          # we have to install something
          foreach my $a (@todoarchs) {
            if ($localtlpdb->get_package("$pkg.$a")) {
              info("remove: $pkg.$a\n");
              $localtlmedia->remove_package("$pkg.$a") if (!$opts{"dry-run"});
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    if (TeXLive::TLUtils::member('win32', @todoarchs)) {
      for my $p (@extra_w32_packs) {
        info("remove: $p\n");
        $localtlmedia->remove_package($p) if (!$opts{"dry-run"});
      }
    }
    if (!$opts{"dry-run"}) {
      # update the option("available_architectures") list of installed archs
      my @larchs = $localtlpdb->setting("available_architectures");
      my @newarchs;
      for my $a (@larchs) {
        push @newarchs, $a if !member($a, @todoarchs);
      }
      $localtlpdb->setting("available_architectures",@newarchs);
      $localtlpdb->save;
    }
  } else {
    die "Unknown option for arch: $what";
  }
}


#  GENERATE
#
sub action_generate {
  my $dest = defined($opts{"dest"}) ? $opts{"dest"} : "";
  my $localconf = defined($opts{"localcfg"}) ? $opts{"localcfg"} : "";
  my $what = shift @ARGV;
  init_local_db();

  # we create fmtutil.cnf, language.dat, language.def in TEXMFSYSVAR
  # and updmap.cfg in TEXMFSYSCONFIG. The reason is that calls to
  # updmap-sys (as is done by the tlmgr update call when packages with
  # maps are installed) will create the updmap.cfg file in TEXMFSYSCONFIG
  # from the version in TEXMFSYSVAR. But after that the TEXMFSYSCONFIG
  # takes precedence and the mechanism explained in updmap.cfg header
  # does not work.
  #
  chomp (my $TEXMFSYSVAR = `kpsewhich -var-value=TEXMFSYSVAR`);
  chomp (my $TEXMFSYSCONFIG = `kpsewhich -var-value=TEXMFSYSCONFIG`);
  chomp (my $TEXMFLOCAL = `kpsewhich -var-value=TEXMFLOCAL`);

  if ($what =~ m/^language(\.dat|\.def)?$/i) {
    if ($what =~ m/^language(\.dat)?$/i) {
      $dest ||= "$TEXMFSYSVAR/tex/generic/config/language.dat";
      $localconf ||= "$TEXMFLOCAL/tex/generic/config/language-local.dat";
      debug ("$0: writing language.dat data to $dest\n");
      TeXLive::TLUtils::create_language_dat($localtlpdb, $dest, $localconf);
      if ($what =~ m/^language$/i) {
        # the next if will match but we have to undefine the $dest
        # variable so that it is reset to the right value
        undef $dest;
      }
    }
    if ($what =~ m/^language(\.def)?$/i) {
      $dest ||= "$TEXMFSYSVAR/tex/generic/config/language.def";
      $localconf ||= "$TEXMFLOCAL/tex/generic/config/language-local.def";
      debug("$0: writing language.def data to $dest\n");
      TeXLive::TLUtils::create_language_def($localtlpdb, $dest, $localconf);
    }

  } elsif ($what =~ m/^fmtutil$/i) {
    $dest ||= "$TEXMFSYSVAR/web2c/fmtutil.cnf";
    $localconf ||= "$TEXMFLOCAL/web2c/fmtutil-local.cnf";
    debug("$0: writing new fmtutil.cnf to $dest\n");
    TeXLive::TLUtils::create_fmtutil($localtlpdb, $dest, $localconf);

  } elsif ($what =~ m/^updmap$/i) {
    $dest ||= "$TEXMFSYSCONFIG/web2c/updmap.cfg";
    $localconf ||= "$TEXMFLOCAL/web2c/updmap-local.cfg";
    debug("$0: writing new updmap.cfg to $dest\n");
    TeXLive::TLUtils::create_updmap($localtlpdb, $dest, $localconf);

  } else {
    die "$0: Unknown option for generate: $what; try --help if you need it.\n";
  }

  return;
}


#  GUI
#
sub action_gui {
  my ($guiscreen) = @_;
  # yes, two times to make perl warnings shut up ...
  $::guiscreen = $guiscreen;
  $::guiscreen = $guiscreen;
  unshift (@INC, "$Master/texmf/scripts/texlive/tlmgrgui");
  eval { require Tk; };
  if ($@) {
    # that didn't work out, give some usefull error message and stop
    my $tkmissing = 0;
    if ($@ =~ /^Can\'t locate Tk\.pm/) {
      $tkmissing = 1;
    }
    if ($tkmissing) {
      if ($^O=~/^MSWin(32|64)$/i) {
        # that should not happen, we are shipping Tk!!
        require Win32;
        my $msg = "Cannot load Tk, that should not happen as we ship it!\nHow did you start tlmgrgui??\n(Error message: $@)\n";
        Win32::MsgBox($msg, 1|Win32::MB_ICONSTOP(), "Warning");
      } else {
        printf STDERR "
Cannot load Tk, thus the GUI cannot be started!
The Perl/Tk module is not shipped with the TeX Live installation.
You have to install it to get tlmgr GUI running. See
http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html for more details.

";
      }
    } else {
      printf STDERR "Problem loading Tk: $@\n";
    }
    exit 1;
  }

  # now check that we can actually create a top level window,
  # on darwin the X server might not be started, or on unix we are working
  # on a console, or whatever.
  eval { my $foo = Tk::MainWindow->new; $foo->destroy; };
  if ($@) {
    printf STDERR "perl/Tk unusable, cannot create main windows.
That could be a consequence of not having X Windows installed or started!
Error message from creating MainWindow:
  $@
";
    exit 1;
  }

  # be sure that sub actions do *not* finish
  $::gui_mode = 1;
  # also unset the $opts{"gui"} to make recursive calls to action_* not starting
  # another GUI instance (or better trying to ...)
  $opts{"gui"} = 0;

  require("tlmgrgui.pl");
  # should not be reached
  exit(1);
}


#  UNINSTALL
#
sub action_uninstall {
  if (win32()) {
    printf STDERR "Please use \"Add/Remove Programs\" from the Control Panel to removing TeX Live!\n";
    finish(1);
  }
  if ($opts{"gui"}) {
    action_gui("uninstall");
  }
  return if !check_on_writable();
  my $force = defined($opts{"force"}) ? $opts{"force"} : 0;
  if (!$force) {
    print("If you answer yes here the whole TeX Live installation will be removed!\n");
    print "Remove TeX Live (y/N): ";
    my $yesno = <STDIN>;
    if ($yesno !~ m/^y(es)?$/i) {
      print "Ok, cancelling the removal!\n";
      finish(0);
    }
  }
  print ("Ok, removing the whole installation:\n");
  init_local_db();
  TeXLive::TLUtils::remove_symlinks($localtlmedia->tlpdb->root,
    $localtlmedia->platform(),
    $localtlmedia->tlpdb->option("sys_bin"),
    $localtlmedia->tlpdb->option("sys_man"),
    $localtlmedia->tlpdb->option("sys_info"));
  # now do remove the rest
  system("rm", "-rf", "$Master/texmf-dist");
  system("rm", "-rf", "$Master/texmf-doc");
  system("rm", "-rf", "$Master/texmf-var");
  system("rm", "-rf", "$Master/texmf");
  system("rm", "-rf", "$Master/tlpkg");
  system("rm", "-rf", "$Master/bin");
  system("rm", "-rf", "$Master/readme-html.dir");
  system("rm", "-rf", "$Master/readme-txt.dir");
  for my $f (qw/doc.html index.html LICENSE.CTAN LICENSE.TL README
                README.usergroups release-texlive.txt texmf.cnf/) {
    system("rm", "-f", "$Master/$f");
  }
  if (-d "$Master/temp") {
    system("rmdir", "--ignore-fail-on-non-empty", "$Master/temp");
  }
  unlink("$Master/install-tl.log");
  # should we do that????
  system("rm", "-rf", "$Master/texmf-config");
  system("rmdir", "--ignore-fail-on-non-empty", "$Master");
}

#  RECREATE TLPDB
#
sub action_recreate_tlpdb {
  return if !check_on_writable();
  my $tlpdb = TeXLive::TLPDB->new;
  $tlpdb->root($Master);
  my $inst = TeXLive::TLPOBJ->new;
  $inst->name("00texlive.installation");
  $inst->category("TLCore");
  my @deps;
  # options are done further down with $tlpdb->reset_options()
  #for my $k (keys %TeXLive::TLConfig::TLPDBOptions) {
  # push @deps, "opt_$k:" . $TeXLive::TLConfig::TLPDBOptions{k}->[1];
  #}
  # find list of available archs
  my @archs;
  opendir (DIR, "$Master/bin") || die "opendir($Master/bin) failed: $!";
  my @dirents = readdir (DIR);
  closedir (DIR) || warn "closedir($Master/bin) failed: $!";
  for my $dirent (@dirents) {
    next if $dirent eq ".";
    next if $dirent eq "..";
    next unless -d "$Master/bin/$dirent";
    if (-r "$Master/bin/$dirent/kpsewhich" || -r "$Master/bin/$dirent/kpsewhich.exe") {
      push @archs, $dirent;
      debug("Skipping directory $Master/bin/$dirent, no kpsewhich there\n");
    }
  }
  push @deps, "setting_available_architectures:" . join(" ",@archs);
  # we have to find out the default arch
  # if there is only one dir in $Master/bin then we are settled,
  # otherwise we expect the user to pass a correct arch string
  if (!TeXLive::TLUtils::member(TeXLive::TLUtils::platform(), @archs)) {
    # hmm that is bad, the platform as detected is not in the list
    # of installed platforms, so the option --arch has to be given
    # if only one is installed use that one
    if ($#archs == 0) {
      # only one arch available, fine, use it as default
      push @deps, "setting_platform:$archs[0]";
    } else {
      if (defined($opts{"arch"})) {
        if (member($opts{"arch"}, @archs)) {
          push @deps, "setting_platform:" . $opts{"arch"};
        } else {
          tlwarn("The architecture you passed in with --arch is not present in $Master/bin\n");
          tlwarn("Please specify one from the available ones: @archs\n");
          exit(1);
        }
      } else {
        tlwarn("More than one architecture available: @archs\n");
        tlwarn("Please pass one as the default you are running on with --arch=...\n");
        exit(1);
      }
    }
  }
  $inst->depends(@deps);
  # now we have all the stuff for 00texlive.installation done
  $tlpdb->add_tlpobj($inst);
  # reset the options to default values
  $tlpdb->add_default_options();
  # check for location == _MASTER_
  if ($tlpdb->option("location") eq "__MASTER__") {
    $tlpdb->option("location", $TeXLive::TLConfig::TeXLiveURL);
  }
  # add the other stuff in $Master/tlpkg/tlpobj/*.tlpobj
  # we can ignore *.{source,doc}.tlpobj because they are already
  # included in the *.tlpobj parent one at install time
  # (TODO: we should actually REMOVE the *.{source,doc}.tlpobj files
  #        at package install time)
  opendir (DIR, "$Master/tlpkg/tlpobj") or die "opendir($Master/tlpkg/tlpobj) failed: $!";
  my @tlps = readdir(DIR);
  closedir (DIR) || warn "closedir($Master/tlpkg/tlpobj) failed: $!";
  for my $t (@tlps) {
    next if -d $t; # also does . and ..
    next if ($t !~ m/\.tlpobj$/i);
    # ignore .source and .doc tlpobjs
    next if ($t =~ m/\.(source|doc)\.tlpobj$/i);
    my $tlp = TeXLive::TLPOBJ->new;
    $tlp->from_file("$Master/tlpkg/tlpobj/$t");
    $tlpdb->add_tlpobj($tlp);
  }
  # writeout the re-created tlpdb to stdout
  $tlpdb->writeout;
  return;
}

#  CHECK
#
sub init_tltree {
  my $svn = shift;
  my $Master = $localtlpdb->root;
  my $tltree = TeXLive::TLTREE->new ("svnroot" => $Master);
  if ($svn) {
    debug("Initializine TLTREE from svn\n");
    $tltree->init_from_svn;
  } else {
    debug("Initializine TLTREE from find\n");
    $tltree->init_from_files;
  }
  return($tltree);
}

sub action_check {
  my $svn = defined($opts{"use-svn"}) ? $opts{"use-svn"} : 0;
  my $what = shift @ARGV;
  $what || ($what = "all");
  init_local_db();
  my $ret = 0;
  if ($what =~ m/^all/i) {
    my $tltree = init_tltree($svn);
    print "Running check files:\n";
    $ret |= check_files($tltree);
    print "Running check depends:\n";
    $ret |= check_depends();
    print "Running check executes:\n";
    $ret |= check_executes();
    print "Running check runfiles:\n";
    $ret |= check_runfiles();
  } elsif ($what =~ m/^files/i) {
    my $tltree = init_tltree($svn);
    $ret |= check_files($tltree);
  } elsif ($what =~ m/^collections/i) {
    tlwarn("the \"collections\" check is replaced by the \"depends\" check.\n");
    $ret |= check_depends();
  } elsif ($what =~ m/^depends/i) {
    $ret |= check_depends();
  } elsif ($what =~ m/^runfiles/i) {
    $ret |= check_runfiles();
  } elsif ($what =~ m/^executes/i) {
    $ret |= check_executes();
  } else {
    print "No idea how to check that: $what\n";
  }
  finish($ret);
}

# check file coverage, roughly equivalent to tlpkg/bin/check-file-coverage
#
sub check_files {
  my $tltree = shift;
  my $ret = 0;
  my %filetopacks;
  my $Master = $localtlpdb->root;
  debug("Collecting all files of all packages\n");
  for my $p ($localtlpdb->list_packages()) {
    # ignore files in the installer
    next if ($p eq "00texlive.installer");
    my $tlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($p);
    my @files = $tlp->all_files;
    if ($tlp->relocated) {
      for (@files) { s:^$RelocPrefix/:$RelocTree/:; }
    }
    for my $f (@files) {
      push @{$filetopacks{$f}}, $p;
    }
  }
  my @multiple = ();
  my @missing = ();
  debug("Checking for occurrences and existence of all files\n");
  for (keys %filetopacks) {
    push @missing, $_ if (! -r "$Master/$_");
    my @foo = @{$filetopacks{$_}};
    if ($#foo < 0) {
      warn "that shouldn't happen: $_\n";
    } elsif ($#foo > 0) {
      push @multiple, $_;
    }
  }
  if ($#multiple >= 0) {
    $ret = 1;
    print "\f Multiple included files (relative to $Master):\n";
    for (sort @multiple) {
      my @foo = @{$filetopacks{$_}};
      print "  $_ (@foo)\n";
    }
    print "\n";
  }
  if ($#missing >= 0) {
    $ret = 1;
    print "\f Files mentioned in tlpdb but missing (relative to $Master):\n";
    for my $m (@missing) {
      print "\t$m\n";
    }
    print "\n";
  }

  # if we are on Win32 or MacOS we return, they currently do not allow
  # find -wholename (missing find on w32, or bsd find on darwin).
  # we need the -use-svn version only for the check-file-coverage
  # replacement anyway, so it will be used on tug, which is neither w32 nor
  # darwin.
  my $arch = $localtlmedia->platform();
  return $ret if ($arch eq "win32" || $arch eq "universal-darwin");

  # do check that all files in the trees are covered
  #
  my @IgnorePatterns = qw!
    support/ source/ setuptl/
    texmf-dist/ls-R$ texmf-doc/ls-R$ texmf/ls-R$
    tlpkg/tlpsrc tlpkg/bin tlpkg/lib/ tlpkg/libexec tlpkg/tests/ tlpkg/etc
    tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb
    tlpkg/tlpobj
    texmf-var/
    texmf-config/
    texmf.cnf
    install-tl.log
    tlpkg/texlive.profile
    tlpkg/installer
  !;
  my %tltreefiles = %{$tltree->{'_allfiles'}};
  my @tlpdbfiles = keys %filetopacks;
  my @nohit;
  for my $f (keys %tltreefiles) {
    # if it is mentioned in the tlpdb or is ignored it is considered
    # as covered, thus, otherwise we push it onto the nothit list
    if (!defined($filetopacks{$f})) {
      my $ignored = 0;
      for my $p (@IgnorePatterns) {
        if ($f =~ m/^$p/) {
          $ignored = 1;
          last;
        }
      }
      if (!$ignored) {
        push @nohit, $f;
      }
    }
  }
  if (@nohit) {
    $ret = 1;
    print "\f Files present but not covered (relative to $Master):\n";
    for my $f (sort @nohit) {
      print "  $f\n";
    }
    print "\n";
  }
  return($ret);
}

# check runfiles
#
# Check there are no duplicated runtimes files
sub check_runfiles {
  my $Master = $localtlpdb->root;
  # build a list of all runtime files associated to 'normal' packages
  #
  (my $non_normal = `ls $Master/bin`) =~ s/\n/\$|/g; # binaries
  $non_normal .= '^0+texlive|^bin-|^collection-|^scheme-|^texlive-';
  my @runtime_files = ();
  foreach my $tlpn ($localtlpdb->list_packages) {
    next if ($tlpn =~ /$non_normal/);
    my $tlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($tlpn);
    my @files = $tlp->runfiles;
    if ($tlp->relocated) { for (@files) { s!^$TeXLive::TLConfig::RelocPrefix/!$TeXLive::TLConfig::RelocTree/!; } }
    # special case for koma-script where doc/src files are in runfiles section
    if ($tlpn eq "koma-script") {
      @files = grep {!m;^texmf-dist/source/latex/koma-script/;} @files;
      @files = grep {!m;^texmf-dist/doc/latex/koma-script/;} @files;
    }
    push @runtime_files, @files;
  }

  # build the duplicates list
  #
  my @duplicates = (""); # just to use $duplicates[-1] freely
  my $prev = "";
  foreach my $f (sort map { TeXLive::TLUtils::basename($_) } @runtime_files) {
    push (@duplicates, $f) if (($f eq $prev) and not ($f eq $duplicates[-1]));
    $prev = $f;
  }
  shift @duplicates; # get rid of the fake 1st value

  # @duplicates = ('8r-base.map', 'aer.sty', 'lm-ec.map'); # for debugging

  # check if duplicates are different files
  #
  foreach my $f (@duplicates) {
    # assume tex4ht stuff is ok, and don't worry about Changes/README for now
    # same for .xdy files
    next if ($f =~ /(^Changes$|^README$|\.htf$|\.4hf$|\.xdy$)/);
    #
    my @copies = grep (/\/$f$/, @runtime_files);
    # map files can be duplicated as long as copies don't concern the same engine
    if ($f =~ /\.map$/) {
      my $need_check = 0;
      my $prev_dir = "";
      my @cop = @copies; # don't break the outside list
      map { s#^texmf-dist/fonts/map/(.*?)/.*#$1# } @cop;
      foreach my $dir (sort  @cop ) {
        last if ($need_check = ($dir eq $prev_dir));
        $prev_dir = $dir;
      }
      next unless $need_check;
    }
    # if all copies are identical, ok, else, complain
    my $diff = 0;
    for (my $i = 1; $i < scalar(@copies); $i++) {
      if ($diff = tlcmp("$Master/$copies[$i-1]", "$Master/$copies[$i]")) {
        print "# $f\ndiff $Master/$copies[$i-1] $Master/$copies[$i]\n";
        last;
      }
    }
    print join ("\n", @copies), "\n" if ($diff and (scalar(@copies) > 2));
  }
}

# check executes
#
sub check_executes {
  my $Master = $localtlpdb->root;
  my (%maps,%langcodes,%fmtlines);
  for my $pkg ($localtlpdb->list_packages) {
    for my $e ($localtlpdb->get_package($pkg)->executes) {
      if ($e =~ m/add(Mixed)?Map\s+(.*)$/) {
        my $foo = $2;
        chomp($foo);
        push @{$maps{$foo}}, $pkg;
      } elsif ($e =~ m/AddFormat\s+(.*)$/) {
        my $foo = $1;
        chomp($foo);
        push @{$fmtlines{$foo}}, $pkg;
      } elsif ($e =~ m/AddHyphen\s+.*\s+file=(\S+)(\s*$|\s+.*)/) {
        my $foo = $1;
        chomp($foo);
        push @{$langcodes{$foo}}, $pkg;
      } else {
        warn "$pkg: unmatched execute: $e\n";
      }
    }
  }
  my %badmaps;
  foreach my $mf (keys %maps) {
    my @pkgsfound = @{$maps{$mf}};
    if ($#pkgsfound > 0) {
      tlwarn ("map file $mf is referenced in the executes of @pkgsfound\n");
    } else {
      # less then 1 occurrences is not possible, so we have only one
      # package that contains the reference to that map file
      my $pkgfoundexecute = $pkgsfound[0];
      my @found = $localtlpdb->find_file($mf);
      if ($#found < 0) {
        $badmaps{$mf} = $maps{$mf};
      } elsif ($#found > 0) {
        # we want to check for multiple inclusions
        my %mapfn;
        foreach my $foo (@found) {
          $foo =~ m/^(.*):(.*)$/;
          push @{$mapfn{$2}}, $1;
        }
        foreach my $k (keys %mapfn) {
          my @bla = @{$mapfn{$k}};
          if ($#bla > 0) {
            tlwarn ("map file $mf occurs multiple times (in pkg @bla)!\n");
          }
        }
      } else {
        # only one occurrence found, we check that the map is also contained
        # in the right package!
        my ($pkgcontained) = ( $found[0] =~ m/^(.*):.*$/ );
        if ($pkgcontained ne $pkgfoundexecute) {
          tlwarn("map file $mf: execute in $pkgfoundexecute, map file in $pkgcontained\n");
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if (keys %badmaps) {
    print "mentioned map file not occuring in any package:\n";
    foreach my $mf (keys %badmaps) {
      print "\t$mf (execute in @{$badmaps{$mf}})\n";
    }
  }
  my %badhyphcodes;
  my %problemhyphen;
  foreach my $lc (keys %langcodes) {
    next if ($lc eq "zerohyph.tex");
    my @found = $localtlpdb->find_file("texmf-dist/tex/generic/hyph-utf8/loadhyph/$lc");
    if ($#found < 0) {
      # try again this time search all packages
      my @found = $localtlpdb->find_file("$lc");
      if ($#found < 0) {
        $badhyphcodes{$lc} = $langcodes{$lc};
      } else {
        $problemhyphen{$lc} = [ @found ];
      }
    }
  }
  if (keys %badhyphcodes) {
    print "\f mentioned hyphen loaders without file:\n";
    foreach my $mf (keys %badhyphcodes) {
      print "\t$mf (execute in @{$badhyphcodes{$mf}})\n";
    }
  }
  # disable the echoing of problematic hyphens
  #if (keys %problemhyphen) {
  #  print "hyphen files with possible problematic location:\n";
  #  foreach my $mf (keys %problemhyphen) {
  #    print "\t$mf (@{$problemhyphen{$mf}})\n";
  #  }
  #}
  #
  # what should be checked for the executes? we could check
  # - the existence of the engine in bin/i386-linux or all $arch
  # - the existence of the format name link/bat
  # - parse the options parameter and check for the inifile
  # - rework the format definition that we have inifile=pdflatex.ini
  #   isn't the * unnecessary?
  my %missingbins;
  my %missingengines;
  my %missinginis;
  for (keys %fmtlines) {
    my %r = TeXLive::TLUtils::parse_AddFormat_line("$_");
    if (defined($r{"error"})) {
      die "$r{'error'}, parsing $_, package(s) @{$fmtlines{$_}}";
    }
    my $opt = $r{"options"};
    my $engine = $r{"engine"};
    my $name = $r{"name"};
    my $mode = $r{"mode"};
    # special case for cont-en ...
    next if ($name eq "cont-en");
    # we check that the name exist in bin/$arch
    for my $a ($localtlpdb->available_architectures) {
      my $f = "$Master/bin/$a/$name";
      if (!check_file($a, $f)) {
        push @{$missingbins{$_}}, "bin/$a/$name" if $mode;
      }
      if (!check_file($a, "$Master/bin/$a/$engine")) {
        push @{$missingengines{$_}}, "bin/$a/$engine" if $mode;
      }
    }
    # check for the existence of the .ini file
    # by using the last word in the options value
    my $inifile = $opt;
    # $inifile now contains "bla bla bla *file.ini"
    # strip initial and trailing "
    $inifile =~ s/^"(.*)"$/$1/;
    # remove everything before the last space
    $inifile =~ s/^.* ([^ ]*)$/$1/;
    # remove the optional leading *
    $inifile =~ s/^\*//;
    my @found = $localtlpdb->find_file("$inifile");
    if ($#found < 0) {
      $missinginis{$_} = "$inifile";
    }
  }
  if (keys %missinginis) {
    print "\f mentioned ini files that cannot be found:\n";
    for my $i (keys %missinginis) {
      print "\t $missinginis{$i} (execute: $i)\n";
    }
  }
  if (keys %missingengines) {
    print "\f mentioned engine files that cannot be found:\n";
    for my $i (keys %missingengines) {
      print "\t @{$missingengines{$i}}\n";
    }
  }
  if (keys %missingbins) {
    print "\f mentioned bin files that cannot be found:\n";
    for my $i (keys %missingbins) {
      print "\t @{$missingbins{$i}}\n";
    }
  }
}

sub check_file {
  my ($a, $f) = @_;
  if (-r $f) {
    return 1;
  } else {
    # not -r, so check for the extensions .bat and .exe on w32 and cygwin
    if (($a eq "win32") || ($a eq "i386-cygwin")) {
      if (-r "$f.exe" || -r "$f.bat") {
        return 1;
      }
    }
    return 0;
  }
}

# check depends
#
sub check_depends {
  my $ret = 0;
  my $Master = $localtlpdb->root;
  my %presentpkg;
  for my $pkg ($localtlpdb->list_packages) {
    $presentpkg{$pkg} = 1;
  }
  # list of collections.
  my @colls = $localtlpdb->collections;
  my @coll_deps = $localtlpdb->expand_dependencies("-no-collections",$localtlpdb,@colls);
  my %coll_deps;
  @coll_deps{@coll_deps} = ();  # initialize hash with keys from list

  my (%wrong_dep, @no_dep);
  for my $pkg ($localtlpdb->list_packages) {
    # do not check any package starting with 00texlive.
    next if $pkg =~ m/^00texlive/;

    # For each package, check that it is a dependency of some collection.
    # Whatever is left in %coll_deps after this loop will be the problem
    if (! exists $coll_deps{$pkg}) {
      # Except that schemes and our special .win32 packages are ok.
      push (@no_dep, $pkg) unless $pkg =~/^scheme-|\.win32$/;
    }

    # For each dependency, check that we have a package.
    for my $d ($localtlpdb->get_package($pkg)->depends) {
      next if ($d =~ m/\.ARCH$/);
      if (!defined($presentpkg{$d})) {
        push (@{$wrong_dep{$d}}, $pkg);
      }
    }
  }

  if (keys %wrong_dep) {
    $ret++;
    print "\f DEPENDS WITHOUT PACKAGES:\n";
    for my $d (keys %wrong_dep) {
      print "$d occurring in ", @{$wrong_dep{$d}}, "\n";
    }
  }

  if (@no_dep) {
    $ret++;
    print "\f PACKAGES NOT IN ANY COLLECTION: @no_dep\n";
  }

  return $ret;
}


#
# action_postaction
# this action calls the various post actions if one want's to do that
# on a client system or overriding global settings
# tlmgr postaction [--w32mode=user|admin] [--fileassocmode=1|2] [--all]
#    [install|remove] [shortcut|fileassoc|script] [<package> <package> ...]

sub action_postaction {
  my $how = shift @ARGV;
  if (!defined($how) || ($how !~ m/^(install|remove)$/i)) {
    tlwarn("action postaction needs at least two arguments, first being either 'install' or 'remove'\n");
    return;
  }
  my $type = shift @ARGV;
  my $badtype = 0;
  if (!defined($type)) {
    $badtype = 1;
  } elsif ($type !~ m/^(shortcut|fileassoc|script)$/i) {
    $badtype = 1;
  }
  if ($badtype) {
    tlwarn("action postaction needs as second argument one from 'shortcut', 'fileassoc', 'script'\n");
    return;
  }
  if (win32()) {
    if ($opts{"w32mode"}) {
      if ($opts{"w32mode"} eq "user") {
        if (TeXLive::TLWinGoo::admin()) {
          debug("Switching to user mode on user request\n");
          TeXLive::TLWinGoo::non_admin();
        }
        # in user mode we also switch TEXMFSYSVAR to TEXMFVAR since
        # xetex.pl, but maybe others are writing to TEXMFSYSVAR
        chomp($ENV{"TEXMFSYSVAR"} = `kpsewhich -var-value TEXMFVAR`);
      } elsif ($opts{"w32mode"} eq "admin") {
        if (!TeXLive::TLWinGoo::admin()) {
          tlwarn("You don't have the permissions for --w32mode=admin\n");
          return;
        }
      } else {
        tlwarn("action postaction --w32mode can only be 'admin' or 'user'\n");
        return;
      }
    }
  }
  my @todo;
  if ($opts{"all"}) {
    init_local_db();
    @todo = $localtlpdb->list_packages;
  } else {
    if ($#ARGV < 0) {
      tlwarn("action postaction: need either --all or a list of packages\n");
      return;
    }
    init_local_db();
    @todo = @ARGV;
    @todo = $localtlpdb->expand_dependencies("-only-arch", $localtlpdb, @todo);
  }
  if ($type =~ m/^shortcut$/i) {
    if (!win32()) {
      tlwarn("action postaction shortcut only works on windows.\n");
      return;
    }
    for my $p (@todo) {
      my $tlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($p);
      if (!defined($tlp)) {
        tlwarn("$p is not installed, ignoring it.\n");
      } else {
        TeXLive::TLUtils::do_postaction($how, $tlp, 0, 1, 0);
      }
    }
  } elsif ($type =~ m/^fileassoc$/i) {
    if (!win32()) {
      tlwarn("action postaction fileassoc only works on windows.\n");
      return;
    }
    my $fa = $localtlpdb->option("file_assocs");
    if ($opts{"fileassocmode"}) {
      if ($opts{"fileassocmode"} < 1 || $opts{"fileassocmode"} > 2) {
        tlwarn("action postaction: value of --fileassocmode can only be 1 or 2\n");
        return;
      }
      $fa = $opts{"fileassocmode"};
    }
    for my $p (@todo) {
      my $tlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($p);
      if (!defined($tlp)) {
        tlwarn("$p is not installed, ignoring it.\n");
      } else {
        TeXLive::TLUtils::do_postaction($how, $tlp, $fa, 0, 0);
      }
    }
  } elsif ($type =~ m/^script$/i) {
    for my $p (@todo) {
      my $tlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($p);
      if (!defined($tlp)) {
        tlwarn("$p is not installed, ignoring it.\n");
      } else {
        TeXLive::TLUtils::do_postaction($how, $tlp, 0, 0, 1);
      }
    }
  } else {
    tlwarn("action postaction needs one of 'shortcut', 'fileassoc', 'script'\n");
    return;
  }
}


#
# action conf
# tries to mimick texconfig conf but probably will add some more things
#
sub action_conf {
  my $PATH = $ENV{'PATH'};
  info("=========================== version information ==========================\n");
  info(give_version());
  info("==================== binaries found by searching $PATH ===================\n");
  for my $cmd (qw/kpsewhich updmap fmtutil texconfig tex pdftex mktexpk dvips dvipdfm/) {
    info("$cmd: " . TeXLive::TLUtils::which($cmd) . "\n");
  }
  info("=========================== active config files ==========================\n");

  for my $m (qw/texmf.cnf updmap.cfg fmtutil.cnf config.ps mktex.cnf pdftexconfig.tex/) {
    info("$m: " . `kpsewhich $m`);
  }

  tlwarn("missing finding of XDvi, config!\n");

  info("============================= font map files =============================\n");
  for my $m (qw/psfonts.map pdftex.map ps2pk.map dvipdfm.map/) {
    info("$m: " . `kpsewhich $m`);
  }

  info("=========================== kpathsea variables ===========================\n");
  for my $v (qw/TEXMFMAIN TEXMFDIST TEXMFLOCAL TEXMFSYSVAR TEXMFSYSCONFIG TEXMFVAR TEXMFCONFIG TEXMFHOME VARTEXFONTS TEXMF SYSTEXMF TEXMFDBS WEB2C TEXPSHEADERS TEXCONFIG ENCFONTS TEXFONTMAPS/) {
    info("$v=" . `kpsewhich -var-value=$v`);
  }

  info("==== kpathsea variables from environment only (ok if no output here) ====\n");
  my @envVars = qw/
    AFMFONTS BIBINPUTS BSTINPUTS CMAPFONTS CWEBINPUTS ENCFONTS GFFONTS
    GLYPHFONTS INDEXSTYLE LIGFONTS MFBASES MFINPUTS MFPOOL MFTINPUTS
    MISCFONTS MPINPUTS MPMEMS MPPOOL MPSUPPORT OCPINPUTS OFMFONTS
    OPENTYPEFONTS OPLFONTS OTPINPUTS OVFFONTS OVPFONTS PDFTEXCONFIG PKFONTS
    PSHEADERS SFDFONTS T1FONTS T1INPUTS T42FONTS TEXBIB TEXCONFIG TEXDOCS
    TEXFONTMAPS TEXFONTS TEXFORMATS TEXINDEXSTYLE TEXINPUTS TEXMFCNF
    TEXMFDBS TEXMFINI TEXMFSCRIPTS TEXPICTS TEXPKS TEXPOOL TEXPSHEADERS
    TEXSOURCES TFMFONTS TRFONTS TTFONTS VFFONTS WEB2C WEBINPUTS
  /;
  for my $v (@envVars) {
    if (defined($ENV{$v})) {
      info("$v=$ENV{$v}\n");
    }
  }
}


# Subroutines galore.
#
# set global $location variable.
# if we cannot read tlpdb, die if arg SHOULD_I_DIE is true.
#
# if an argument is given and is true init_local_db will die if
# setting up of programs failed.
#
sub init_local_db {
  my ($should_i_die) = @_;
  # if the localtlpdb is already defined do simply return here already
  # to make sure that the settings in the local tlpdb do not overwrite
  # stuff changed via the GUI
  return if defined $localtlmedia;
  return if defined $localtlpdb;
  $localtlmedia = TeXLive::TLMedia->new ( $Master );
  die("cannot setup TLMedia in $Master") unless (defined($localtlmedia));
  $localtlpdb = $localtlmedia->tlpdb;
  die("cannot find tlpdb in $Master") unless (defined($localtlpdb));
  # setup the programs, for w32 we need the shipped wget/xz etc, so we
  # pass the location of these files to setup_programs.
  if (!setup_programs("$Master/tlpkg/installer", $localtlmedia->platform)) {
    tlwarn("Couldn't set up the necessary programs.\nInstallation of packages is not supported.\nPlease report to texlive\@tug.org.\n");
    if (defined($should_i_die) && $should_i_die) {
      finish(1);
    } else {
      tlwarn("Continuing anyway ...\n");
    }
  }
  # let cmd line options override the settings in localtlpdb
  my $loc = $localtlpdb->option("location");
  if (defined($loc)) {
    $location = $loc;
  }
  if (defined($opts{"location"})) {
    $location = $opts{"location"};
  }
  if (!defined($location)) {
    die("No installation source found, nor in the texlive.tlpdb nor on the cmd line.\nPlease specify one!");
  }
  if ($location =~ m/^ctan$/i) {
    $location = "$TeXLive::TLConfig::TeXLiveURL";
  }
  # we normalize the path only if it is
  # - neither a URL starting with http or ftp
  # - if we are on windows it does not start with Drive:[\/]
  if (! ( $location =~ m!^(http|ftp)://!i  ||
          (win32() && (!(-e $location) || ($location =~ m!^.:[\\/]!) ) ) ) ) {
    # seems to be a local path, try to normalize it
    my $testloc = abs_path($location);
    # however, if we were given a url, that will get "normalized" to the
    # empty string, it not being a path.  Restore the original value if so.
    $location = $testloc if $testloc;
  }
}


# initialize the global $tlmediasrc object, or die.
# uses the global $location.
#
sub init_tlmedia
{
  if (defined($tlmediatlpdb) && ($tlmediatlpdb->root eq $location)) {
    # nothing to be done
    return;
  }

  # choose a mirror if we are asked.
  if ($location =~ m/^ctan$/i) {
    $location = give_ctan_mirror();
  } elsif ($location =~ m,^$TeXLiveServerURL,) {
    my $mirrorbase = TeXLive::TLUtils::give_ctan_mirror_base();
    $location =~ s,^$TeXLiveServerURL,$mirrorbase,;
  }

  # this "location-url" line should not be changed since GUI programs
  # depend on it:
  print "location-url\t$location\n" if $::machinereadable;
  info("tlmgr: package repository $location\n");

  # if we talk about a net location try to download the hash of the tlpdb
  # - if that is possible, check for the locally saved file and if the hash
  #   agrees load the local copy if present instead of the remote one,
  #   if the hashes disagree, load the remote tlpdb
  # - if that does not work assume we are offline or target not reachable,
  #   so warn the user and use saved, but note that installation will
  #   not work

  my $local_copy_tlpdb_used = 0;
  if ($location =~ m;^(http|ftp)://;) {
    # first check that the saved tlpdb is present at all
    my $loc_digest = Digest::MD5::md5_hex($location);
    my $loc_copy_of_remote_tlpdb =
      "$Master/$InfraLocation/texlive.tlpdb.$loc_digest";
    ddebug("loc_digest = $loc_digest\n");
    ddebug("loc_copy = $loc_copy_of_remote_tlpdb\n");
    if (-r $loc_copy_of_remote_tlpdb) {
      ddebug("loc copy found!\n");
      # we found the tlpdb matching the current location
      # check for the remote hash
      my $path = "$location/$InfraLocation/$DatabaseName.md5";
      ddebug("remote path of digest = $path\n");
      my $fh = TeXLive::TLUtils::download_file($path, "|");
      my $rem_digest;
      if (read ($fh, $rem_digest, 32) != 32) {
        info(<<END_NO_INTERNET);
Unable to download the remote TeX Live database,
but found a local copy so using that.

You may want to try specifying an explicit CTAN mirror to use;
see the documentation for the --repository option in
the output of  install-tl --help  for information and examples.
END_NO_INTERNET
        $tlmediasrc = TeXLive::TLMedia->new(-location => $location,
          -tlpdbfile => $loc_copy_of_remote_tlpdb);
        $local_copy_tlpdb_used = 1;
      } else {
        ddebug("found remote digest: $rem_digest\n");
        my $rem_copy_digest = TeXLive::TLUtils::tlmd5($loc_copy_of_remote_tlpdb);
        ddebug("rem_copy_digest = $rem_copy_digest\n");
        if ($rem_copy_digest eq $rem_digest) {
          debug("md5 of local copy identical with remote hash\n");
          $tlmediasrc = TeXLive::TLMedia->new(-location => $location,
            -tlpdbfile => $loc_copy_of_remote_tlpdb);
          $local_copy_tlpdb_used = 1;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if (!$local_copy_tlpdb_used) {
    # $tlmediasrc is a global variable
    $tlmediasrc = TeXLive::TLMedia->new(-location => $location);
  }
  die($loadmediasrcerror . $location) unless defined($tlmediasrc);
  $tlmediatlpdb = $tlmediasrc->tlpdb;
  # if the release from the remote TLPDB does not agree with the
  # TLConfig::ReleaseYear in the first 4 places break out here.
  # Why only the first four places: some optional network distributions
  # might use
  #   release/2009-foobar
  my $texlive_release = $tlmediatlpdb->config_release;
  if (!defined($texlive_release) ||
      $texlive_release !~ m/^$TeXLive::TLConfig::ReleaseYear/) {
    die "The release version of the installation source and the installation media\ndo not agree: source: $texlive_release, media: $TeXLive::TLConfig::ReleaseYear\nPlease fix your location $location";
  }

  # check for being frozen
  if ($tlmediatlpdb->option("frozen")) {
    my $frozen_msg = <<FROZEN;
TeX Live $TeXLive::TLConfig::ReleaseYear is frozen and will not be
updated anymore.  This happens in preparation for a new release.

If you're interested in helping to pretest the new release (when
pretests are available), please read http://tug.org/texlive/pretest.html.
Otherwise, just wait, and the new release will be ready in due time.
FROZEN
    tldie($frozen_msg);
  }

  # save remote database if it is a net location
  # make sure that the writeout of the tlpdb is done in UNIX mode
  # since otherwise the sha256 will change.
  if (!$local_copy_tlpdb_used && $location =~ m;^(http|ftp)://;) {
    my $loc_digest = Digest::MD5::md5_hex($location);
    my $loc_copy_of_remote_tlpdb =
      "$Master/$InfraLocation/texlive.tlpdb.$loc_digest";
    my $tlfh;
    if (!open($tlfh, ">:unix", $loc_copy_of_remote_tlpdb)) {
      # that should be only a debug statement, since a user without
      # write permission might have done a tlmgr search --global or
      # similar
      &debug("Cannot save remote TeX Live database to $loc_copy_of_remote_tlpdb: $!\n");
    } else {
      &debug("writing out tlpdb to $loc_copy_of_remote_tlpdb\n");
      $tlmediatlpdb->writeout($tlfh);
      close($tlfh);
    }
  }
}



# finish handles the -pause option (wait for input from stdin),
# and then exits unless  the global $::gui_mode is set, in which case we
# merely return.
#
sub finish
{
  my ($ret) = @_;

  if ($ret > 0) {
    print "tlmgr: exiting unsuccessfully (status $ret).\n";
  }

  if ($opts{"pause"}) {
    print "Press Enter to exit the program.\n";
    <STDIN>;
  }

  if ($::gui_mode) {
    return($ret);
  } else {
    exit($ret);
  }
}

# if the packagelog variable is set then write to PACKAGELOG filehandle
#
sub logpackage
{
  if ($packagelogfile) {
    $packagelogged++;
    my $tim = localtime();
    print PACKAGELOG "[$tim] @_\n";
  }
}

# clear the backup dir for $pkg and keep only $autobackup packages
# mind that with $autobackup == 0 all packages are cleared
sub clear_old_backups
{
  my ($pkg, $backupdir, $autobackup, $dry) = @_;

  my $dryrun = 0;
  $dryrun = 1 if ($dry);
  # keep arbitrary many backups
  return if ($autobackup == -1);

  opendir (DIR, $backupdir) || die "opendir($backupdir) failed: $!";
  my @dirents = readdir (DIR);
  closedir (DIR) || warn "closedir($backupdir) failed: $!";
  my @backups;
  for my $dirent (@dirents) {
    next if (-d $dirent);
    next if ($dirent !~ m/^$pkg\.r([0-9]+)\.tar\.xz$/);
    push @backups, $1;
  }
  my $i = 1;
  for my $e (reverse sort {$a <=> $b} @backups) {
    if ($i > $autobackup) {
      info ("Removing backup $backupdir/$pkg.r$e.tar.xz\n");
      unlink("$backupdir/$pkg.r$e.tar.xz") unless $dryrun;
    }
    $i++;
  }
}

# check for updates to tlcritical packages
#
sub check_for_critical_updates
{
  my ($localtlpdb, $mediatlpdb) = @_;

  my $criticalupdate = 0;
  my @critical = $localtlpdb->expand_dependencies("-no-collections",
    $localtlpdb, @CriticalPackagesList);
  my @critical_upd;
  for my $pkg (sort @critical) {
    my $tlp = $localtlpdb->get_package($pkg);
    if (!defined($tlp)) {
      # that should not happen, we expanded in the localtlpdb so why
      # should it not be present, any anyway, those are so fundamental
      # so they have to be there
      tlwarn("\nFundamental package $pkg not present, uh oh, goodbye");
      die "Serious error, $pkg not found";
    }
    my $localrev = $tlp->revision;
    my $mtlp = $mediatlpdb->get_package($pkg);
    if (!defined($mtlp)) {
      debug("Very surprising, $pkg is not present in the remote tlpdb.\n");
      next;
    }
    my $remoterev = $mtlp->revision;
    push (@critical_upd, $pkg) if ($remoterev > $localrev);
  }
  return(@critical_upd);
}

sub critical_updates_warning
{
  tlwarn("Updates for tlmgr itself are present.\n");
  tlwarn("=" x 79, "\n");
  tlwarn("Please update the package manager first, via either\n");
  tlwarn("  tlmgr update --self\n");
  tlwarn("or by getting the latest updater for Unix-ish systems:\n");
  tlwarn("  $TeXLiveURL/update-tlmgr-latest.sh\n");
  tlwarn("and/or Windows systems:\n");
  tlwarn("  $TeXLiveURL/update-tlmgr-latest.exe\n");
  tlwarn("Then continue with other updates.\n");
  tlwarn("=" x 79, "\n");
}

#
# our compare function for package sorting, which makes sure that
# packages with .ARCH names are sorted *before* the main packages
sub packagecmp {
  my $aa = $a;
  my $bb = $b;
  # remove the part after the . if at all present
  $aa =~ s/\..*$//;
  $bb =~ s/\..*$//;
  if ($aa lt $bb) {
    return -1;
  } elsif ($aa gt $bb) {
    return 1;
  } else {
    # the parts before the . are the same
    # sort the .something *before* the ones without
    if ($a eq $aa && $b eq $bb) {
      return 0;
    } elsif ($a eq $aa) {
      # so  $a = foobar
      # and $b = foobar.something
      # this is the special case where we want to invert the order
      return 1;
    } elsif ($b eq $bb) {
      # so  $a = foobar.something
      # and $b = foobar
      return -1;
    } else {
      return ($a cmp $b);
    }
  }
}

sub check_on_writable {
  if (!TeXLive::TLUtils::dir_writable("$Master/tlpkg")) {
    tlwarn("You don't have permission to change the installation in any way,\n");
    tlwarn("specifically, the directory $Master/tlpkg/ is not writable.\n");
    tlwarn("Please run this program as administrator, or contact your local admin.\n");
    if ($opts{"dry-run"}) {
      tlwarn("Continuing due to --dry-run\n");
      return 1;
    } else {
      return 0;
    }
  }
  return 1;
}
    
1;
__END__

=head1 NAME

tlmgr - the TeX Live Manager

=head1 SYNOPSIS

tlmgr [I<option>]... I<action> [I<option>]... [I<operand>]...

=head1 DESCRIPTION

B<tlmgr> manages an existing TeX Live installation, both packages and
configuration options.  For information on initially downloading and
installing TeX Live, see L<http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html>.

The most up-to-date version of this documentation is available at
L<http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html>, along with procedures for updating
C<tlmgr> itself and information about test versions.

For the full documentation of TeX Live, see
L<http://tug.org/texlive/doc>.

=head1 EXAMPLES

After successfully installing TeX Live, here are a few common operations
with C<tlmgr>:

=over 4

=item C<tlmgr update --all>

Make your local TeX installation correspond to what is in the package
repository (typically on CTAN).

=item C<tlmgr update --list>

Report what would be updated without actually updating anything.

=item C<tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet>

Tell C<tlmgr> to use a nearby CTAN mirror for future updates; useful if
you installed TeX Live from the DVD image.

=item C<tlmgr show> I<pkgname>

Display detailed information about I<pkgname>, such as the installation
status and description.

=back

For all the capabilities and details of C<tlmgr>, please see the
following voluminous information.

=head1 OPTIONS

The following options to C<tlmgr> are global options, not specific to
any action.  All options, whether global or action-specific, can be
given at any place and in arbitrary order.  The first non-option
argument will be the main action.  In all cases, C<-->I<option> and
C<->I<option> are equivalent, and an C<=> is optional between an option
name and its value.

=over 4

=item B<--repository> I<url|path>

Specifies the package repository from which packages should be installed
or updated, overriding the default package repository found in the
installation's TeX Live Package Database (TLPDB, a file named
C<texlive.tlpdb>).  The documentation for C<install-tl> has more details
about this (L<http://tug.org/texlive/doc/install-tl.html>).

C<--repository> changes the repository location only for the current
run; to make a permanent change, use C<option repository> (see the
L<option> action).

For backward compatibility and convenience, C<--location> and C<--repo>
are accepted as aliases for this option.

=item B<--gui> [I<action>]

You can give this option together with an action to be brought directly
into the respective screen of the GUI.  For example, running

  tlmgr --gui update

starts you directly at the update screen.

=item B<--gui-lang> I<llcode>

Normally the GUI tries to deduce your language from the environment (on
Windows via the registry, on Unix via C<LC_MESSAGES>). If that fails you
can select a different language by giving this option a two-letter
(ISO 639-1) language code (with the exception for selecting simplified
or traditional Chinese). Currently supported (but not necessarily
completely translated) are:
English (en, default), Czech (cs), German (de), French (fr), 
Italian (it), Dutch (nl), Polish (pl), Russian (ru), Slovak (sk), 
Slovenian (sl), Vietnamese (vi), simplified Chinese (zh-cn), and 
traditional Chinese (zh-tw).


=item B<--machine-readable>

In lieu of the normal output intended for human consumption, write to
standard output in a fixed format more suitable for machine parsing.
See the L</"MACHINE-READABLE OUTPUT"> section below for details.

=item B<--package-logfile> I<file>

B<tlmgr> logs all package actions (install, remove, update, failed
updates, failed restores) to a separate log file, by default
C<TEXMFSYSVAR/web2c/tlmgr.log>. This option allows you to select a
different file for that.  This is separate from normal logging; for
that, see the option C<-v> below, and TeXLive::TLUtils.

=item B<--pause>

This option makes B<tlmgr> wait for user input before exiting.  Useful on
Windows to avoid command windows disappearing.

=item B<--debug-translation>

This switch makes C<tlmgr> report, in GUI mode, any missing, or more
likely untranslated, messages to standard error.  Helpful for
translators to see what remains to be done.

=back

The standard options for TeX Live programs are also accepted:
C<--help/-h/-?>, C<--version>, C<-q> (no informational messages), C<-v>
(debugging messages, can be repeated).  For the details about these, see
the TeXLive::TLUtils documentation.

The C<--version> option shows version information about the TeX Live
release and about the C<tlmgr> script itself. If paired with C<-v>,
revision number for the used TeX Live Perl modules are shown, too.

=head1 ACTIONS

=head2 help

Gives this help information (same as C<--help>).

=head2 version

Gives version information (same as C<--version>).

If C<-v> has been given the revisions of the used modules are reported, too.

=head2 gui

Start the graphical user interface.


=head2 install [I<option>]... I<pkg>...

Install each I<pkg> given on the command line. By default this installs
all packages on which the given I<pkg>s are dependent, also.  Options:

=over 4

=item B<--reinstall>

Reinstall a package (including dependencies for collections) even if it
seems to be already installed (i.e, is present in the TLPDB).  This is
useful to recover from accidental removal of files in the hierarchy.

When re-installing, only dependencies on normal packages are followed
(not those of category Scheme or Collection).

=item B<--no-depends>

Do not install dependencies.  (By default, installing a package ensures
that all dependencies of this package are fulfilled.)

=item B<--no-depends-at-all>

When you install a package which ships binary files the respective
binary package will also be installed.  That is, for a package C<foo>,
the package C<foo.i386-linux> will also be installed on an C<i386-linux>
system.  This switch suppresses this behavior, and also implies
C<--no-depends>.  Don't use it unless you are sure of what you are
doing.

=item B<--dry-run>

Nothing is actually installed; instead, the actions to be performed are
written to the terminal.

=item B<--force>

If updates to C<tlmgr> itself (or other parts of the basic
infrastructure) are present, C<tlmgr> will bail out and not perform the
installation unless this option is given.  Not recommended.

=back


=head2 update [I<option>]... [I<pkg>]...

Updates the packages given as arguments to the latest version available
at the installation source.  Either C<--all> or at least one I<pkg> name
must be specified.  Options:

=over 4

=item B<--all>

Update all installed packages except for C<tlmgr> itself.  Thus, if
updates to C<tlmgr> itself are present, this will simply give an error,
unless also the option C<--force> or C<--self> is given.  (See below.)

In addition to updating the installed packages, during the update of a
collection the local installation is (by default) synchronized to the
status of the collection on the server, for both additions and removals.

This means that if a package has been removed on the server (and thus
has also been removed from the respective collection), C<tlmgr> will
remove the package in the local installation.  This is called
``auto-remove'' and is announced as such when using the option
C<--list>.  This auto-removal can be suppressed using the option
C<--no-auto-remove>.

Analogously, if a package has been added to a collection on the server
that is also installed locally, it will be added to the local
installation.  This is called ``auto-install'' and is announced as such
when using the option C<--list>.  This auto-installation can be
suppressed using the option C<--no-auto-install>.

An exception to the collection dependency checks (including the
auto-installation of packages just mentioned) are those that have been
``forcibly removed'' by you, that is, you called C<tlmgr remove --force>
on them.  (See the C<remove> action documentation.)  To reinstall any
such forcibly removed packages use C<--reinstall-forcibly-removed>.

If you want to exclude some packages from the current update run (e.g.,
due to a slow link), see the C<--exclude> option below.

=item B<--self>

Update C<tlmgr> itself (that is, the infrastructure packages) if updates
to it are present. On Windows this includes updates to the private Perl
interpreter shipped inside TeX Live.

If this option is given together with either C<--all> or a list of
packages, then C<tlmgr> will be updated first and, if this update
succeeds, the new version will be restarted to complete the rest of the
updates.

In short:

  tlmgr update --self        # update infrastructure only
  tlmgr update --self --all  # update infrastructure and all packages
  tlmgr update --force --all # update all packages but *not* infrastructure
                             # ... this last at your own risk, not recommended!

=item B<--dry-run>

Nothing is actually installed; instead, the actions to be performed are
written to the terminal.  This is a more detailed report than C<--list>.

=item B<--list> [I<pkg>]

Concisely list the packages which would be updated, newly installed, or
removed, without actually changing anything.  If no package is given,
this acts like C<--list --all>, otherwise it lists only updates to the
packages given as arguments (and its dependencies).

=item B<--exclude> I<pkg>

Exclude I<pkg> from the update process.  If this option is given more
than once, its arguments accumulate.

An argument I<pkg> excludes both the package I<pkg> itself and all
its related architecture-specific packages I<pkg.ARCH>.  For example,

  tlmgr update --all --exclude a2ping

will not update C<a2ping>, C<a2ping.i386-linux>, or
any other C<a2ping.>I<ARCH> package.

If this option specifies a package that would otherwise be a candidate
for auto-installation, auto-removal, or reinstallation of a forcibly
removed package, C<tlmgr> quits with an error message.  Excludes are not
supported in these circumstances.

=item B<--no-auto-remove> [I<pkg>]...

Under normal circumstances C<tlmgr> tries to remove packages which have
disappeared on the server, as described above under C<--all>.  This
option prevents any such removals, either for all packages (with
C<--all>), or the given I<pkg> names.

=item B<--no-auto-install> [I<pkg>]...

Under normal circumstances C<tlmgr> will install packages which are new
on the server, as descrbed above under C<--all>.  This option prevents
any such automatic installation, either for all packages (with
C<--all>), or the given I<pkg> names.

Furthermore, after the C<tlmgr> run using this has finished, the
packages that would have been auto-installed I<will be considered as
forcibly removed>.  So, if C<foobar> is the only new package on the
server, then

  tlmgr update --all --no-auto-install

is equivalent to

  tlmgr update --all
  tlmgr remove --force foobar

=item B<--reinstall-forcibly-removed>

Under normal circumstances C<tlmgr> will not install packages that have
been forcibly removed by the user; that is, removed with C<remove
--force>, or whose installation was prohibited by C<--no-auto-install>
during an earlier update.

This option makes C<tlmgr> ignore the forcible removals and re-install
all such packages. This can be used to completely synchronize an
installation with the server's idea of what is available:

  tlmgr update --reinstall-forcibly-removed --all

=item B<--backup> and B<--backupdir> I<directory>

These two options control the creation of backups of packages I<before>
updating; that is, backup of packages as currently installed.  If
neither of these options are given, no backup package will be saved. If
C<--backupdir> is given and specifies a writable directory then a backup
will be made in that location. If only C<--backup> is given, then a
backup will be made to the directory previously set via the C<option>
action (see below). If both are given then a backup will be made to the
specified I<directory>.

You can set options via the C<option> action to automatically create
backups for all packages, and/or keep only a certain number of
backups.  Please see the C<option> action for details.

C<tlmgr> always makes a temporary backup when updating packages, in case
of download or other failure during an update.  In contrast, the purpose
of this C<--backup> option is to allow you to save a persistent backup
in case the actual I<content> of the update causes problems, e.g.,
introduces an incompatibility.

The C<restore> action explains how to restore from a backup.

=item B<--no-depends>

If you call for updating a package normally all depending packages
will also be checked for updates and updated if necessary. This switch
suppresses this behavior.

=item B<--no-depends-at-all>

See above under B<install> (and beware).

=item B<--force>

Force update of normal packages, without updating C<tlmgr> itself 
(unless the C<--self> option is also given).  Not recommended.

Also, C<update --list> is still performed regardless of this option.

=back

If the package on the server is older than the package already installed
(e.g., if the selected mirror is out of date), C<tlmgr> does not
downgrade.  Also, packages for uninstalled platforms are not installed.


=head2 backup [--clean[=I<N>]] [--backupdir I<dir>] [--all] [I<pkg>]...

If the C<--clean> option is not specified, this action makes a backup of
the given packages, or all packages given C<--all>. These backups are
saved to the value of C<--backupdir> option if that is an existing and
writable directory; if C<--backupdir> is not given, the C<backupdir>
option setting in the TLPDB is used, if present.  If both are missing,
no backups are made.

If the C<--clean> option is specified, backups are cleaned (pruned)
instead of made.  If the value for the C<--clean> switch is not given,
the value of the C<autobackup> option is used. If both are missing,
an error is issued.  For the details of backup cleaning, see the
C<option> action below.

Options:

=over 4

=item B<--backupdir> I<directory>

The I<directory> argument is required and must specify an existing
directory where backups are to be placed.

=item B<--all>

Make a backup of all packages in the TeX Live installation.  This will
take quite a lot of space and time.

=item B<--clean>[=I<N>]

Instead of making backups, prune the backup directory of old backups, as
explained above.

=item B<--dry-run>

Nothing is actually backed up or removed; instead, the actions to be
performed are written to the terminal.

=back


=head2 restore --backupdir I<dir> [I<pkg> [I<rev>]

Restore a package from a previously-made backup.

If neither I<pkg> nor I<rev> are given, list the available backup
revisions for all packages.

With I<pkg> given but no I<rev>, list all available backup revisions of
I<pkg>.

With both I<pkg> and I<rev>, tries to restore the package from the
specified backup.

Options:

=over 4

=item B<--dry-run>

Nothing is actually restored; instead, the actions to be performed are
written to the terminal.

=item B<--backupdir> I<directory>

Specify the directory where the backups are to be found.

=back


=head2 remove [I<option>]... I<pkg>...

Remove each I<pkg> specified.  Removing a collection removes all package
dependencies (unless C<--no-depends> is specified), but not any
collection dependencies of that collection.  However, when removing a
package, dependencies are never removed.  Options:

=over 4

=item B<--no-depends>

Do not remove dependent packages.

=item B<--no-depends-at-all>

See above under B<install> (and beware).

=item B<--force>

By default, removal of a package or collection that is a dependency of
another collection or scheme is not allowed.  With this option, the
package will be removed unconditionally.  Use with care.

A package that has been removed using the C<--force> option because it
is still listed in an installed collection or scheme will not be
updated, and will be mentioned as B<forcibly removed> in the output of
B<tlmgr update --list>.

=item B<--dry-run>

Nothing is actually removed; instead, the actions to be performed are
written to the terminal.

=back


=head2 option

=over 4

=item B<option [show]>

=item B<option showall>

=item B<option I<key> [I<value>]>

=back

The first form shows the global TeX Live settings currently saved in the
TLPDB with a short description and the C<key> used for changing it in
paranthesis.

The second form acts like the first, but also shows options which can
be defined but are not currently set to any value.

In the third form, if I<value> is not given, the setting for I<key> is
displayed.  If I<value> is present, I<key> is set to I<value>.

Possible values for I<key> are (but see B<tlmgr option showall> for
the definitive list):

 repository (default package repository),
 formats    (create formats at installation time),
 docfiles   (install documentation files),
 srcfiles   (install source files),
 backupdir  (default directory for backups),
 autobackup (number of backups to keep).
 sys_bin    (directory to which executables are linked by the path action)
 sys_man    (directory to which man pages are linked by the path action)
 sys_info   (directory to which Info files are linked by the path action)

One common use of C<option> is to permanently change the installation to
get further updates from the Internet, after originally installing from
DVD.  To do this, you can run

 tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet

The C<install-tl> documentation has more information about the possible
values for repository.

To keep backward compatibility C<location> can be used as alternative
name for C<repository>.

The two options C<autobackup> and C<backupdir> determine defaults for
the C<update>, C<backup> and C<restore> actions.  These three actions
need a directory to write to or read from the backups.  If
C<--backupdir> is not specified on the command line, the C<backupdir>
option value is used (if set).

The C<autobackup> option (de)activates automatic generation of backups.
Its value is an integer.  If the C<autobackup> value is C<-1>, no
backups are removed.  If C<autobackup> is 0 or more, it specifies the
number of backups to keep.  Thus, backups are disabled if the value is
0.  In the C<--clean> mode of the C<backup> action this option also
specifies the number to be kept.

To setup C<autobackup> to C<-1> on the command line, use

  tlmgr option autobackup infty

Or you can use:

  tlmgr option -- autobackup -1

The C<--> avoids having the C<-1> treated as an option.  (For most
programs, C<--> stops parsing for arguments at the point where it
appears; this is a general feature of option parsing.)


=head2 conf

Show general configuration information for TeX Live, including active
configuration files, path settings, and more.

This option to C<tlmgr> mimics the C<texconfig conf> call, but works on
all supported platforms.


=head2 paper

=over 4

=item B<paper [a4|letter]>

=item B<S<xdvi|pdftex|dvips|dvipdfmx|dvipdfm|context paper [I<papersize>|--list]>>

=back

With no arguments (C<tlmgr paper>), shows the default paper size setting
for all known programs.

With one argument (e.g., C<tlmgr paper a4>), sets the default for all
known programs to that paper size.

With a program given as the first argument and no paper size specified
(e.g., C<tlmgr dvips paper>), shows the default paper size for that
program.

With a program given as the first argument and a paper size as the last
argument (e.g., C<tlmgr dvips paper a4>), set the default for that
program to that paper size.

With a program given as the first argument and C<--list> given as the
last argument (e.g., C<tlmgr dvips paper --list>), shows all valid paper
sizes for that program.  The first size shown is the default.

Incidentally, this syntax of having a specific program name before the
C<paper> keyword may seem strange.  It is inherited from the
longstanding C<texconfig> script, which supports other configuration
settings for some programs, notably C<dvips>.  C<tlmgr> does not support
those extra settings at present.


=head2 arch list|add|remove I<arch>...

C<arch list> lists the TeX Live names of all the architectures
(C<i386-linux>, ...) available at the package repository.

C<arch add> I<arch>... adds the executables for each given architecture
I<arch> to the installation. 

C<arch remove> I<arch>... removes the executables for each given 
architecture I<arch> from the installation, but keeps the currently 
running architecture in any case.

Options:

=over 4

=item B<--dry-run>

Nothing is actually installed; instead, the actions to be performed are
written to the terminal.

=back


=head2 print-arch

Prints the currently detected architecture name to standard output.


=head2 search [I<option>]... I<what>

By default searches the names, short and long descriptions of all
locally installed packages for the given argument (interpreted as
regexp).  Options:

=over 4

=item B<--file>

List all filenames containing I<what>.

=item B<--global>

Search the TeX Live Database of the installation medium, instead of the
local installation.

=back


=head2 show [--list] I<pkg>...

Display information about I<pkg>: the name, category, installation status,
short and long description.  Searches in the remote installation source
for the package if it is not locally installed.

If the option C<--list> is given with a package, the list of contained
files is also shown, including those for architecture specific
dependencies.  When given with schemes and collections, C<--list>
outputs their dependencies in a similar way.


=head2 list [--only-installed] [collections|schemes|I<pkg>...]

With no argument, lists all packages available at the package
repository, prefixing those already installed with C<i>.

With the single word C<collections> or C<schemes> as the argument, lists
the request type.

With anything else as arguments, operates as the C<show> action.

If the option C<--only-installed> is given the installation source will
not be used and only locally installed packages, collections, or schemes
are listed.


=head2 check [I<option>]... [files|depends|executes|runfiles|all]

Executes one (or all) check(s) on the consistency of the installation.

=over 4

=item B<files>

Checks that all files listed in the TeX Live Database (C<texlive.tlpdb>)
are actually present, and lists those missing.

=item B<depends>

Lists those packages which occur as dependencies in an installed collections,
but are themselves not installed, and those packages that are not
contained in any collection.

If you call C<tlmgr check collections> this test will be carried out
instead since former versions for C<tlmgr> called it that way.

=item B<executes>

Check that the files referred to by C<execute> directives in the TeX
Live Database are present.

=item B<runfiles>

List those filenames that are occurring more than one time in the runfiles.

=back

Options:

=over 4

=item B<--use-svn>

Use the output of C<svn status> instead of listing the files; for
checking the TL development repository.

=back


=head2 path [--w32mode=user|admin] [add|remove]

On Unix adds or removes symlinks for binaries, man pages, and info pages
in the directories specified by the respective options (see above).

On Windows, the registry part where the binary directory is
added or removed is determined in the following way:

If the user has admin rights, and the option C<--w32mode> is not given,
the setting I<w32_multi_user> determines the location (i.e., if it is
on then the system path, otherwise the user path is changed).

If the user has admin rights, and the option C<--w32mode> is given, this
option determines the path to be adjusted.

If the user does not have admin rights, and the option C<--w32mode>
is not given, and the setting I<w32_multi_user> is off, the user path
is changed, while if the setting I<w32_multi_user> is on, a warning is
issued that the caller does not have enough privileges.

If the user does not have admin rights, and the option C<--w32mode>
is given, it must be B<user> and the user path will be adjusted. If a
user without admin rights uses the option C<--w32mode admin> a warning
is issued that the caller does not have enough provileges.


=head2 postaction [--w32mode=user|admin] [--fileassocmode=1|2] [--all]
    [install|remove] [shortcut|fileassoc|script] [I<pkg>]...

Carry out the postaction C<shortcut>, C<fileassoc>, or C<script> given
as the second required argument in install or remove mode (which is the
first required argument), for either the packages given on the command
line, or for all if C<--all> is given.

The option C<--w32mode> is C<user> all actions will only carried out in
the user accessible parts of the registry/filesystem, while the C<admin>
mode selects the system wide parts of the registry for the file
associations.  Note that if you do not have enough permissions using
C<--w32mode=admin> will not succeed.

For the postaction C<fileassoc> the mode can be set with
C<--fileassocmode>.  If it is set to 1, only new assocations are added,
if it is set to 2, all associations are set to the TeX Live programs.


=head2 uninstall

Uninstalls the entire TeX Live installation.  Options:

=over 4

=item B<--force>

Do not ask for confirmation, remove immediately.

=back


=head2 generate [I<option>]... I<what>

=over 4

=item B<generate language>

=item B<generate language.dat>

=item B<generate language.def>

=item B<generate fmtutil>

=item B<generate updmap>

=back

The C<generate> action overwrites any manual changes made in the
respective files: it recreates them from scratch.

For C<fmtutil> and the language files, this is normal, and both the TeX
Live installer and C<tlmgr> routinely call I<generate> for them.

For C<updmap>, however, C<tlmgr> use
C<generate>, because the result would be to disable all maps which have
been manually installed via S<C<updmap-sys --enable>>, e.g., for
proprietary or local fonts.  The I<generate> action only incorporates
the changes in the C<--localcfg> file mentioned below.  Furthermore,
C<tlmgr> updates and maintains the final C<updmap.cfg> in
C<TEXMFSYSCONFIG> (while the other files are in C<TEXMFSYSVAR>), because
that is the location that C<updmap-sys> (via C<tcfmgr>) uses.

Notwithstanding the above, if you only use the fonts and font packages
within TeX Live, and maintain your local fonts (if any) using
C<updmap-local.cfg>, there is nothing wrong with using C<generate
updmap>.  Indeed, we use it ourselves to generate the C<updmap.cfg> file
in the live source repository.

In more detail: C<generate> remakes any of the four config files
C<language.dat>, C<language.def>, C<fmtutil.cnf>, and C<updmap.cfg> from
the information present in the local TLPDB, plus locally-maintained
files.

The locally-maintained files are C<language-local.dat>,
C<language-local.def>, C<fmtutil-local.cnf>, or C<updmap-local.cfg>,
searched for in C<TEXMFLOCAL> in the respective directories.  If they
are present, the final file is made by starting with the main file,
omitting any entries that the local file specifies to be disabled, and
finally appending the local file.

Local files specify entries to be disabled with a comment line like this:

  #!NAME
  %!NAME

where C<fmtutil.cnf> and C<updmap.cfg> use C<#>, and C<language.dat> and
C<language.def> use C<%>.  In any case, the I<name> is the respective
format name, map file name (include the C<.map> extension),or
hyphenation pattern identifier.  Examples:

  #!pdflatex
  #!lm.map
  %!german

(Of course, you're not likely to actually want to disable those
particular items.  They're just examples.)

After such a disabling line, the local file can include another entry
for the same item, if a different definition is desired.

The form C<generate language> recreates both the C<language.dat> and the
C<language.def> files, while the forms with extension recreates only
the given language file.

Options:

=over 4

=item B<--dest> I<output file>

specifies the output file (defaults to the respective location in
C<TEXMFSYSVAR> for C<language*> and C<fmtutil>, and C<TEXMFSYSCONFIG>
for C<updmap>).  If C<--dest> is given to C<generate language>, its
value will be used for the C<language.dat> output, and C<.def> will be
appended to the value for the name of the C<language.def> output file.
(This is just to avoid overwriting; if you want a specific name for each
output file, we recommend invoking C<tlmgr> twice.)

=item B<--localcfg> I<local conf file>

specifies the (optional) local additions (defaults to the respective
location in C<TEXMFLOCAL>).

=back

The respective locations are as follows:

  tex/generic/config/language.dat (and language-local.dat);
  tex/generic/config/language.def (and language-local.def);
  web2c/fmtutil.cnf (and fmtutil-local.cnf);
  web2c/updmap.cfg (and updmap-local.cfg).

Final repetition: as explained above, C<tlmgr> does I<not> use the
equivalent of C<generate updmap> for map files.  Therefore, if you want
to make use of C<updmap-local.cfg>, you need to run C<tlmgr generate
updmap> yourself.  After that, network updates and your local changes
should be merged.


=head1 MACHINE-READABLE OUTPUT

Given the C<--machine-readable> option, C<tlmgr> writes to stdout in the
fixed line-oriented format described here, and the usual informational
messages for human consumption are written to stderr (normally they are
written to stdout).  The idea is that a program can get all the
information it needs by reading stdout.

Currently this option only applies to the 
L<update|/"update [I<option>]... [I<pkg>]...">, the
L<install|"install [I<option>]... I<pkg>...">, and the
L<option|"option"> actions.  

=head2 update and install actions

The output format is as follows:

  fieldname "\t" value
  ...
  "end-of-header"
  pkgname status localrev serverrev size estrem esttot
  ...
  "end-of-updates"
  other output from post actions, not in machine readable form

The header section currently has two fields: C<location-url> (the
repository source from which updates are being drawn), and
C<total-bytes> (the total number of bytes to be downloaded).

The I<localrev> and I<serverrev> fields for each package are the
revision numbers in the local installation and server repository,
respectively.  The I<size> field is the number of bytes to be
downloaded, i.e., the size of the compressed tar file for a network
installation, not the unpacked size. The estrem and esttot fields 
are only present for updated and auto-install packages, and contain
the estimated remaining time and the estimated total time.

Line endings may be either LF or CRLF depending on the current platform.

=over 4

=item C<location-url> I<location>

The I<location> may be a url (including C<file:///foo/bar/...>), or a
directory name (C</foo/bar>).  It is the package repository from which
the new package information was drawn.

=item C<total-bytes> I<count>

The I<count> is simply a decimal number, the sum of the sizes of all the
packages that need updating or installing (which are listed subseqently).

=back

Then comes a line with only the literal string C<end-of-header>.

Each following line until a line with literal string C<end-of-updates>
reports on one package.  The fields on
each line are separated by a tab.  Here are the fields.

=over 4

=item I<pkgname>

The TeX Live package identifier, with a possible architecture suffix for
executables.   For instance, C<pdftex> and C<pdftex.i386-linux> are
given as two separate packages, one on each line.

=item I<status>

The status of the package update.  One character, as follows:

=over 8

=item C<d>

The package was removed on the server.

=item C<f>

The package was removed in the local installation, even though a
collection depended on it.  (E.g., the user ran C<tlmgr remove
--force>.)

=item C<u>

Normal update is needed.

=item C<r>

Reversed non-update: the locally-installed version is newer than the
version on the server.

=item C<a>

Automatically-determined need for installation, the package is new on
the server and is (most probably) part of an installed collection.

=item C<i>

Package will be installed and isn't present in the local installation
(action install).

=item C<I>

Package is already present but will be reinstalled (action install).

=back

=item I<localrev>

The revision number of the installed package, or C<-> if it is not
present locally.

=item I<serverrev>

The revision number of the package on the server, or C<-> if it is not
present on the server.

=item I<size>

The size in bytes of the package on the server.  The sum of all the
package sizes is given in the C<total-bytes> header field mentioned above.

=item I<estrem>

The estimated remaining time.

=item I<esttot>

The estimated total time.

=back

=head2 option action

The output format is as follows:

  key "\t" value

If a value is not saved in the database the string C<(not set)> is shown.

If you are developing a program that uses this output, and find that
changes would be helpful, do not hesitate to write the mailing list.


=head1 AUTHORS AND COPYRIGHT

This script and its documentation were written for the TeX Live
distribution (L<http://tug.org/texlive>) and both are licensed under the
GNU General Public License Version 2 or later.

=cut

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