


dhclient-script(8)                             dhclient-script(8)


NNAAMMEE
       dhclient-script - DHCP client network configuration script

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       The  DHCP  client  network configuration script is invoked from time to
       time by ddhhcclliieenntt((88)).  This script is used by the  dhcp  client  to  set
       each  interface's initial configuration prior to requesting an address,
       to test the address once it has been offered, and  to  set  the  inter-
       face's final configuration once a lease has been acquired.  If no lease
       is acquired, the script is used to test predefined leases, if any,  and
       also called once if no valid lease can be identified.

       This  script  is  not meant to be customized by the end user.  If local
       customizations are needed, they should be possible using the enter  and
       exit  hooks  provided (see HOOKS for details).   These hooks will allow
       the user to override the default behaviour of the client in creating  a
       //eettcc//rreessoollvv..ccoonnff file.

       No  standard  client  script  exists  for  some operating systems, even
       though the actual client may work, so a pioneering user may  well  need
       to  create  a  new  script or modify an existing one.  In general, cus-
       tomizations specific to a particular computer should  be  done  in  the
       //eettcc//ddhhcclliieenntt..ccoonnff  file.   If you find that you can't make such a cus-
       tomization without customizing //eettcc//ddhhcclliieenntt..ccoonnff or  using  the  enter
       and exit hooks, please submit a bug report.

HHOOOOKKSS
       When  it  starts,  the  client  script  first defines a shell function,
       mmaakkee__rreessoollvv__ccoonnff ,, which is later used to create  the  //eettcc//rreessoollvv..ccoonnff
       file.    To  override  the default behaviour, redefine this function in
       the enter hook script.

       On after defining the  make_resolv_conf  function,  the  client  script
       checks  for  the  presence  of  an executable //eettcc//ddhhcclliieenntt--eenntteerr--hhooookkss
       script, and if present, it invokes the script inline, using the  Bourne
       shell  '.' command.   The entire environment documented under OPERATION
       is available to this script, which may modify the environment if needed
       to  change the behaviour of the script.   If an error occurs during the
       execution of the script, it can  set  the  exit_status  variable  to  a
       nonzero  value, and //uussrr//llooccaall//ssbbiinn//ddhhcclliieenntt--ssccrriipptt will exit with that
       error code immediately after the client script exits.

       After all  processing  has  completed,  //uussrr//llooccaall//ssbbiinn//ddhhcclliieenntt--ssccrriipptt
       checks  for  the  presence  of  an  executable //eettcc//ddhhcclliieenntt--eexxiitt--hhooookkss
       script, which if present is invoked using the '.'  command.   The  exit
       status  of dhclient-script will be passed to dhclient-exit-hooks in the
       exit_status shell variable, and will always be zero if the script  suc-
       ceeded at the task for which it was invoked.   The rest of the environ-
       ment as described previously for dhclient-enter-hooks is also  present.
       The //eettcc//ddhhcclliieenntt--eexxiitt--hhooookkss script can modify the valid of exit_status
       to change the exit status of dhclient-script.

OOPPEERRAATTIIOONN
       When dhclient needs to  invoke  the  client  configuration  script,  it



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dhclient-script(8)                             dhclient-script(8)


       defines  a  set  of  variables  in  the  environment,  and then invokes
       //uussrr//llooccaall//ssbbiinn//ddhhcclliieenntt--ssccrriipptt..  In all cases, $reason is set  to  the
       name  of  the  reason  why the script has been invoked.   The following
       reasons are currently defined: MEDIUM, PREINIT, BOUND,  RENEW,  REBIND,
       REBOOT, EXPIRE, FAIL, STOP, RELEASE, NBI and TIMEOUT.


MMEEDDIIUUMM
       The  DHCP  client  is requesting that an interface's media type be set.
       The interface name is passed in  $interface,  and  the  media  type  is
       passed in $medium.

PPRREEIINNIITT
       The  DHCP  client  is  requesting  that  an  interface be configured as
       required in order to send packets prior to receiving an actual address.
       For  clients  which  use the BSD socket library, this means configuring
       the interface with an IP address of 0.0.0.0 and a broadcast address  of
       255.255.255.255.   For other clients, it may be possible to simply con-
       figure the interface up without actually giving it  an  IP  address  at
       all.    The  interface name is passed in $interface, and the media type
       in $medium.

       If an IP alias has been declared in dhclient.conf, its address will  be
       passed  in  $alias_ip_address, and that ip alias should be deleted from
       the interface, along with any routes to it.

BBOOUUNNDD
       The DHCP client has done an initial binding to a new address.   The new
       ip  address  is  passed  in  $new_ip_address, and the interface name is
       passed in $interface.   The media type  is  passed  in  $medium.    Any
       options  acquired  from  the  server  are  passed using the option name
       described in ddhhccpp--ooppttiioonnss, except that dashes  ('-')  are  replaced  by
       underscores ('_') in order to make valid shell variables, and the vari-
       able names start with new_.   So for example, the new subnet mask would
       be passed in $new_subnet_mask.

       Before actually configuring the address, dhclient-script should somehow
       ARP for it and exit with a nonzero status if it receives a reply.    In
       this case, the client will send a DHCPDECLINE message to the server and
       acquire a different address.   This may also  be  done  in  the  RENEW,
       REBIND,  or  REBOOT  states, but is not required, and indeed may not be
       desirable.

       When a binding has been completed, a  lot  of  network  parameters  are
       likely  to need to be set up.   A new /etc/resolv.conf needs to be cre-
       ated, using the values of $new_domain_name and $new_domain_name_servers
       (which may list more than one server, separated by spaces).   A default
       route should be set using $new_routers, and static routes may  need  to
       be set up using $new_static_routes.

       If  an  IP alias has been declared, it must be set up here.   The alias
       IP address will be written as $alias_ip_address, and other DHCP options
       that  are set for the alias (e.g., subnet mask) will be passed in vari-
       ables named  as  described  previously  except  starting  with  $alias_



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dhclient-script(8)                             dhclient-script(8)


       instead  of $new_.   Care should be taken that the alias IP address not
       be used if it is identical to the bound IP  address  ($new_ip_address),
       since the other alias parameters may be incorrect in this case.

RREENNEEWW
       When  a  binding  has  been  renewed, the script is called as in BOUND,
       except that in addition to all the variables starting with $new_, there
       is  another  set of variables starting with $old_.  Persistent settings
       that may have changed need to be deleted -  for  example,  if  a  local
       route  to  the  bound  address is being configured, the old local route
       should be deleted.  If the default route has changed, the  old  default
       route  should  be  deleted.  If the static routes have changed, the old
       ones should be deleted.  Otherwise, processing  can  be  done  as  with
       BOUND.

RREEBBIINNDD
       The  DHCP client has rebound to a new DHCP server.  This can be handled
       as with RENEW, except that if the IP address has changed, the ARP table
       should be cleared.

RREEBBOOOOTT
       The  DHCP  client  has  successfully reacquired its old address after a
       reboot.   This can be processed as with BOUND.

EEXXPPIIRREE
       The DHCP client has failed to renew its lease or acquire a new one, and
       the  lease  has expired.   The IP address must be relinquished, and all
       related parameters should be deleted, as in RENEW and REBIND.

FFAAIILL
       The DHCP client has been unable to contact any DHCP  servers,  and  any
       leases that have been tested have not proved to be valid.   The parame-
       ters from the last lease tested should be deconfigured.   This  can  be
       handled in the same way as EXPIRE.

SSTTOOPP
       The  dhclient  has been informed to shut down gracefully, the dhclient-
       script should unconfigure or shutdown the interface as appropriate.

RREELLEEAASSEE
       The dhclient has been executed using the -r flag, indicating  that  the
       administrator  wishes  it  to  release  its  lease(s).  dhclient-script
       should unconfigure or shutdown the interface.

NNBBII
       No-Broadcast-Interfaces...dhclient was unable to  find  any  interfaces
       upon  which  it believed it should commence DHCP.  What dhclient-script
       should do in this situation is entirely up to the implementor.

TTIIMMEEOOUUTT
       The DHCP client has been unable to contact any DHCP servers.   However,
       an  old  lease has been identified, and its parameters have been passed
       in as with BOUND.   The client configuration script should  test  these
       parameters and, if it has reason to believe they are valid, should exit



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dhclient-script(8)                             dhclient-script(8)


       with a value of zero.   If not, it should exit with a nonzero value.

       The usual way to test a lease is to set up the network as  with  REBIND
       (since  this  may  be called to test more than one lease) and then ping
       the first router defined in $routers.  If a response is  received,  the
       lease must be valid for the network to which the interface is currently
       connected.   It would be more complete  to  try  to  ping  all  of  the
       routers   listed   in   $new_routers,   as  well  as  those  listed  in
       $new_static_routes, but current scripts do not do this.

FFIILLEESS
       Each operating system  should  generally  have  its  own  script  file,
       although  the script files for similar operating systems may be similar
       or even identical.   The script files included in Internet Systems Con-
       sortium  DHCP  distribution  appear  in  the  distribution  tree  under
       client/scripts, and bear the names of the operating  systems  on  which
       they are intended to work.

BBUUGGSS
       If  more  than  one  interface is being used, there's no obvious way to
       avoid clashes between server-supplied configuration  parameters  -  for
       example, the stock dhclient-script rewrites /etc/resolv.conf.   If more
       than one  interface  is  being  configured,  /etc/resolv.conf  will  be
       repeatedly  initialized  to the values provided by one server, and then
       the other.   Assuming the  information  provided  by  both  servers  is
       valid,  this shouldn't cause any real problems, but it could be confus-
       ing.

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
       dhclient(8),    dhcpd(8),     dhcrelay(8),     dhclient.conf(5)     and
       dhclient.leases(5).

AAUUTTHHOORR
       ddhhcclliieenntt--ssccrriipptt((88))  has been written for Internet Systems Consortium by
       Ted Lemon in cooperation with Vixie Enterprises.  To learn  more  about
       Internet  Systems  Consortium,  see hhttttppss::////wwwwww..iisscc..oorrgg..  To learn more
       about Vixie Enterprises, see hhttttpp::////wwwwww..vviixx..ccoomm..




















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