


PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


NAME
       printcap - printer capability data base

SYNOPSIS
       printcap database

DESCRIPTION
       The  format  of the LPRng printcap database was based on the termcap(5)
       data base file format.  Entries in the printcap Each entry in the  data
       base is used to define various options and values to control the print-
       ing and spooling of print jobs.

LPD.CONF, SYSTEM AND USER PRINTCAP FILES
       Default configuration values are read from the LPRng configuration file
       /etc/LPRng/lpd.conf, consult the lpd.conf(5) man page for details about
       them.  The system printcap file /etc/printcap contains information com-
       mon  to  all  users  and  the LPRng printing system.  Finally, the user
       printcap files is in ${HOME}/.printcap and  contain  user  configurable
       information  for  printer information.  The values in the user printcap
       file override values in the printcap file which  override  the  default
       values in the /etc/LPRng/lpd.conf file.

       The  user printcap file is used by client programs such as lpr , lprm ,
       lpq , and lpq to allow the user to  define  either  a  special  set  of
       printers,  provide  additional  configuration information, or to modify
       default settings in the /etc/printcap, or /etc/LPRng/lpd.conf file.

CAPABILITIES
       The printcap database files format is based on the termcap (5) database
       format,  modified  as follows.  Leading whitespace on each line is dis-
       carded, and blank lines or lines which then start with a comment  char-
       acter  (#) are discarded.  A line which does not start with a colon (:)
       or bar (|) starts a printer entry  definition.   Lines  ending  with  a
       backslash  (\)  are  assumed  to continue to the next line; this is for
       compatibility with other historical printcap  file  formats.   Trailing
       blanks and tabs (whitespace) for an option value are deleted unless the
       last one is escaped with a backslash (``\'').   If  a  colon  character
       value  is  required  then  the  \:  escape  sequence can be used, e.g.:
       dest=ftp\://address/file.

       A printer definition starts with a  primary printer name,  followed  by
       zero  or  more  alternative printer names, followed by a set of keyword
       entries and values.  For example:

       #comment
       # primary printer name
       lp
       #alternate names
        |lp2|lp3
        |Example of a printer
        :sd=/usr/spool/LPD/lp
        :rw:lp=/dev/lp:mx#100
       include /etc/printcap/mainprintcap




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PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


       The special printcap definition include will read the named file, which
       must have an absolute pathname, as the next set of printcap entries.

       Keywords  can  be 1 to an indefinate number of characters long, and are
       case sensitive.  Values for  keywords  can  be  strings  (:st=string:),
       signed    integer    values    using    the    C   language   notation,
       (:nu#12:max#-2:mask#0x1EF:), or flags (:flag: to set to 1,  :flag@:  to
       clear  to  0).  Integer values must be representable as 32 bit 2's com-
       plement numbers; care should be taken with extremely large numbers.

       If the primary name of a printcap entry starts with a punctuation char-
       acter, then the entry may be referenced using the tc capability, but is
       ignored otherwise.  This  allows  common  printcap  information  to  be
       placed in a single entry.

       The  special  printcap  entry oh (i.e. - only this host) may be used to
       select a printcap entry for use by one or more hosts.  The oh entry can
       be  a  list  of one or more host names or glob type of patterns.  These
       patterns are first applied to the host's fully qualified  domain  name,
       and  then  used  to  to  a lookup of an IP address.  If either the glob
       match or the host has a matching IP address then the printcap entry  is
       selected for use.  In addition, the server flag indicates that only the
       LPD server is to use this  printcap  entry.   This  allows  client  and
       server printcap information be to be segragated in a simple manner.

       The  following  is  a  list of the keywords currently used by the LPRng
       software.  Many of these keywords are used only by the LPD server, oth-
       ers are used by the client programs LPR, LPC, LPRM, PAC, as well as the
       server.  In the Use column in the table below, an A stands for all pro-
       grams,  D  stands for lpd, and R stands for the client programs such as
       LPR.

       Some of these entries can only appear or have an effect if they are  in
       the lpd.conf initialization file.  See lpd.conf(5) for further details.

ENTRIES BY ALPHABETICAL ORDER
       FL  Use Type Default     Description
       Xf  D   str  NULL        output filter for format X (used by lpd).
                                'filter' sets default filter
       ab  D   bool false       always print banner, ignore lpr -h option
       achk    D    bool false
                                If TRUE LPD and the :as specifies a remote host or
                                filter or the :af specifies a remote host or filter
                                then after writing the accounting information to the
                                destination a resply will be read.  The value of the
                                reply determines how the job is to be handled.
       ae  D   str              accounting format for end of job or a program to run
                                to record accounting information (see also af, la, ar
                                and Accounting).
       af  D   str  NULL
                                accounting file, filter, or remote accounting server
                                (see also la, ar, as, ae, achk). If format is |/path then
                                the program will be started and accounting information
                                will be written to the program STDIN.  If the format



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PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


                                host%port, a tcp/ip connection will be made to port
                                on host and the accounting information written to the
                                remote host.  In both of these cases the write operation
                                must succeed or an error will result.  If the format
                                is neither of these cases then the value will be treated
                                as a file and accounting information appended to the file
                                if it exists.  The accounting file will not be created,
                                it must exist for LPD to append data to it.
                                The :as and :ae fields have the accounting information.
       ah  D   bool false       auto-hold - job held until explicitly released
       all A   str  NULL        a list of all printers; (see ALL PRINTERS)
       allow_duplicate_flags    A   bool    false
                                allow duplicate command line flags; last overwrites earlier
       allow_getenv A           bool    (compile time)
                                allows LPRng software to use the LPD_CONF environment variable
                                to specify the location of a configuration file.  This is
                                for testing only.
       allow_user_logging       A   bool    false
                                if mail is requested using lpr -mhost%port,prot operations,
                                and the allow_user_logging flag is true,  then job logging
                                information will be sent to host%port,prot.
       allow_user_setting  A  str NULL
                                allow these users to impersonate other users with the
                                lpr -U user@host, lpc -U user@host, etc., options
       append_z     A           str
                                append these options to the -Z options for the job
       ar  D   bool true        write remote transfer accounting (if af, and as/ae set)
       architecture A           str (compile time)
                                architecture the software was compiled for. (Obsolete.)
       as  D   str              accounting format for start of job or a program to run
                                to record accounting information (see also af, la, ar
                                and Accounting).
       auth    R    str         NULL
                                client to server authentication type
       be  D   str              banner printing program for end (overrides bp, hl)
       bk  R   bool false       Berkeley-compatible: be strictly RFC-compliant
                                or more exactly, BSD LPR compatible when sending jobs.
       bk_filter_options        D   str (see source code)
                                when bk flag set, options for non OF print filters
       bk_of_filter_options     D   str (see source code)
                                when bk flag set, options for OF print filters
       bkf R   bool false
                                use bk_filter_options and bk_of_filter_options when
                                invoking print filter.
       bl  D   str              banner line - sent to banner printer program
                                default: $-'C:$-'n Job: $-'J Date: $-'t
                                expands to:  Class:User  Job: job Date: date
                                This is to force compatibility with vintage print filters
                                that require a non-standard banner string. Usually used with
                                :sb: option.
       bp  D   str              banner printing program (see hl)
                                (default: configuration variable default_banner_printer)
       bq_format    D           str l   format of output from bounce queue filters
       br  D   num  none        if lp is a tty, set the baud rate (see ty)



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PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


       break_classname_priority_link    A   flag    false
                                Do not set priority to first letter of class name
       bs  D   str              banner printing program for start (overrides bp, hl)
       cf  D   str  NULL        cifplot data filter
       check_for_nonprintable   R   bool    false
                                lpr checks f and p formats for printable files
       check_for_protocol_violations    R   bool false
                                check for RFC1179 protocol violations
       chooser D    str         load balance queue destination chooser program
       chooser_interval         D   num 10
                                load balance queue does checks for a
                                destination queue available at this interval
       chooser_routine          D   bool    false
                                use the user provided chooser routine for this queue
       class_in_status          A   bool    true
                                show class name in lpq status rather than priority
       cm  A   str  NULL        comment identifying printer (LPQ)
       config_file  A           str /etc/LPRng/lpd.conf
                                location of LPRng configuration information.  Compile
                                time option only - see allow_getenv.
       connect_grace            A   num 0
                                time between jobs to allow printer recovery
       connect_interval         A   num 10
                                time between open or connection attempts
       connect_timeout          A   num 10
                                timeout value for connection or open
       control_file_line_order  D   str NULL
                                Put the control file lines in a specific order
       control_filter           D   str NULL
                                Filter for control file. Used when sending job to remote
                                spool queue.
       create_files D           bool    false
                                create log, debug, etc., files automatically
       db  A   str  NULL        LPD debug options when serving this queue.
                                See lf (log file) entry as well.
       default_format           R   str f
                                default format for printing jobs
       default_permission       D   str A
                                default permission for operation
       default_printer          A   str lp
                                default printer for printing jobs
       default_priority         R   str A
                                default priority for printing jobs
       default_remote_host      A   str localhost
                                default remote host for printing operations
       default_tmp_dir          A   str /tmp
                                default temporary directory
       destinations D           str NULL
                                names of printers that lpq/lprm should talk to
                                find a job that has been processed by a router
                                script (see README.routing)
       df  D   str  NULL        tex data filter (DVI format)
       done_jobs    D           num 1
                                retain status for last N jobs



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PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


       done_jobs_max_age        num 0
                                remove status older than N seconds (0 - no removal)
       exit_linger_timeout      A   num 10
                                socket SO_LINGER timeout value
       fd  D   bool false       if true, no forwarded jobs accepted
       ff  D   str  ``\f''      string to send for a form feed (see INITIALIZATION)
       filter  D    str         NULL
                                default filter to use for printing file
       filter_ld_path           D   str (see source)
                                the LD_LIBARY_PATH environment variable value for filters
       filter_options           D   str (see source code)
                                when bk flag clear, options for non OF print filters
       filter_path  D           str (default '/bin:/usr/bin')
                                the PATH environment variable value for filters
       filter_poll_interval     D   num 30
                                interval to poll OF filter
       filter_stderr_to_status_file D   bool    false
                                set the filter STDERR to the status file and do
                                no report errors in the queue status file.
       fo  D   bool false       print a form feed when device is opened
       force_fqdn_hostname      A   bool    FALSE
                                Force a fully qualified host name in control file
       force_ipadddr_hostname   A   bool    FALSE
                                Force the IP address of the host to be used for the
                                hostname in control file
       force_localhost          A   bool    TRUE
                                Forces the clients programs (lpr, lpc, etc.)
                                to send all print jobs and requests to the server running
                                on the localhost entry for action.  This flag effectively
                                forces BSD LPR behaviour.
       force_lpq_status         D   str NULL
                                Specifies a list of LPQ formats and hosts which get status
                                returned in this format.  For example
                                force_lpq_status=s=pc*;l=mac* will cause hosts whose
                                FQDN matches pc* to get short status and those which
                                match mac* to get long format.
       force_queuename          A   str NULL
                                When :qq: flag or use_queuename configuration is enabled,
                                specifies the queuename to be used for control file Q
                                information.
       ff_separator D           bool    false
                                need form feeds to separate job files
       fq  D   bool false       print a form feed when device is closed
       full_time    D           bool detailed time format specification in log messages
       fx  A   str  NULL        valid output filter formats
                                i.e. ``flp'' would allow f, l, and p
                                default is to allow all formats
       gf  D   str  NULL        graph data filter (plot (3X) format)
       generate_banner          D   bool    false
                                generate a banner when forwarding job
       group   D    str         daemon  LPD server group id for execution
       hl  D   bool false       print banner after job instead of before
       if  D   str  NULL        filter command, run on a per-file basis
       ignore_requested_user_priority   D   bool    false



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PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


                                Ignore the requested user priority when ordering jobs.
                                Prevents students... um... users from queue jumping.
       ipv6    A    bool        false   Use IPV6
       keepalive    A           bool    true
                                set socket SO_KEEPALIVE option
       kerberos_keytab          D   str /etc/lpd.keytab
                                Kerberos lpd server keytab file
       kerberos_life            D   str NULL
                                Kerberos lpd server key lifetime
       kerberos_renew           D   str NULL
                                Kerberos lpd server key renewal time
       kerberos_server_principle    D   str NULL
                                Kerberos remote lpd server principle
       kerberos_service         D   str lpr
                                Kerberos service used in principle requests
       la  D   bool true        write local printer accounting (if af is set)
       ld  D   str  NULL        leader string printed on printer open (see INITIALIZATION)
       lf  D   str  ``log''     error and debugging log file (LPD)
       lk  D   bool false       lock the lp device to force arbitration
       lockfile     D           str /var/spool/lpd/lpd
                                lpd lock file (used only in lpd.conf).
                       The lpd_port port value is appended
                       to the lockfile value to provide a unique lockfile
                       even when different versions of LPRng are running
                       on the same system.
       logger_destination       D   str NULL
                                destination for logging information.  Format is
                                host%port
       logger_max_size          D   num 1024
                                logger file maximum size in K
       logger_path  D           str NULL
                                logger file pathname
       logger_timeout           D   num 0
                                logger connection timeout.  0 is no timeout.
       longnumber   D           bool    false
                                use 6 digit job numbers
       lp  D   str  NULL        device name or pipe to send output to
       lpd_bounce   A           bool    FALSE
                                Forces lpd to filter jobs and then forward them
                                as a single file
                                (See Bounce Queues)
       lpd_force_poll           A   bool    FALSE
                                Forces lpd to periodically poll lpd queues.
       lpd_poll_time            A   num 600
                                Check queues for work at this interval; start queues
                                in groups of 'lpd_poll_servers_started' at intervals
                                of 'lpd_poll_start_interval' seconds
       lpd_poll_start_interval  A   num 10
                                Start 'lpd_poll_servers_started' queue servers at this
                                interval.
       lpd_poll_servers_started A   num 10
                                Start 'lpd_poll_servers_started' queues at once
       lpd_port     D           str printer
                       format is [ipaddr%]port.  If the ipaddr is present



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PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


                       then the lpd listening socket is bound to the specified
                       ip address and port only, otherwise it is bound to all
                       interfaces. If the port value is not a number then the
                                then the getservbyname() system call is used to get the
                                port number.
       lpd_printcap_path        D   str (see source)
                                printcap path for lpd, used instead of printcap path
                                (configuration value only)
       lpr_bounce   R           bool    true
                                Forces lpr to filter jobs and then send them.
                                (See Bounce Queues)
       lpr_bsd R    bool        false
                                when set, LPR -m will not take argument, but will use
                                $USER value for return mail address.
       mail_from    D           str NULL
                                specifies the user part of email From: address
       mail_operator_on_error   D   str NULL
                                send mail to this user when LPD encounters printing error.
       max_connect_interval     A   num 60
                                maximum time between connection attempts
       max_log_file_size        D   num 0
                                maximum log file size in K bytes (0 is unlimited)
                                spool queue log file truncated to min_log_file_size
                                when value is nonzero and limited exceeded.
       max_servers_active       D   num 0
                                maximum servers that LPD will allow to be active at one
                                time.  0 selects the system default,  which is usually
                                pretty small, perhaps 10. (configuration value only).
       max_status_line          D   num 79  maximum number of characters on an LPQ status line
       max_status_size          D   num 10  maximum size (Kbytes) of status file
       mc  R   num  1           maximum copies allowed
       min_log_file_size        D   num 0   minimum size (Kbytes) of log file
       min_status_size          D   num 2   minimum size (Kbytes) of status file
       minfree D    str         0
                                minimum space (in K) for spool directory
       ml  R   num  32          minimum printable characters for printable check
       ms_time_resolution       D   bool    false
                                log time in milliseconds
       mx  R   num  0           maximum job size in K, 0 = unlimited
       nb  D   num  0           if non-zero, do a nonblocking open on lp device
       nf  D   str  NULL        DITROFF data filter
       network_connect_grace    A   num 0
                                time between attempts to send jobs to spooler
                                Useful when dealing with network printer using LPD
                                interface to allow a bit of time between jobs.
       nline_after_file         D   bool    false
                                put the N (filename) after the data file information
                                in the control file.  Use to handle systems that want
                                it that way.
       of  D   str  NULL        output filter, run once for all output
                                (used for banner printing, form feeds between files)
       of_filter_options        D   str (see source code)
                                when bk flag clear, options for OF print filters
       oh  A   str  NULL        Specific printcap entry for host;



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PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


                                (printcap entry ignored unless IP address of host and
                                entry value match.  Entry is used first to do glob
                                style match against the host's fully qualified domain name,
                                and then interpreted as a general IP address)
       order_routine            D   bool    false
                                use a user provided routine to generate queue order
                                information.
       originate_port           A   str 512 1023
                                when originating a connection, use ports in this range.
       pass_env     A           str PGPPASS,PGPPATH
                                if not the LPD server, sanitize and put these variables
                                in a filter environment variable list.
       perms_path   A           str /etc/LPRng/lpd.perms
                                location of perms file (used in lpd.conf)
       pl  D   num  66          page length (in lines)
       pr  D   str  ``/bin/pr'' pr program for p format
       prefix_o_to_z            D   bool    false
                                prefix the control file O line to the control file
                                Z line.
       prefix_z     D           str NULL
                                prefix the specified options to the control file
                                Z line.
       prefix_z_to_o            D   bool    false
                                prefix the control file Z line to the control file
                                O line.
       printcap_path            A   str /etc/printcap
                                location of printcap file (only in lpd.conf)
       ps  A   str  ''status''  printer status file name
       pw  D   num  132         page width (in characters)
       px  D   num  0           page width in pixels (horizontal)
       py  D   num  0           page length in pixels (vertical)
       qq  A   bool false       LPR - puts in the queue name (Q entry)
                                in the job control file when spooled or transferred.
                                LPD - when receiving or transferring a job,
                                if the queue name (Q entry) in the job control
                                file is not present,  puts in the queue name.
       queue_control_file       D   str control.%P
                                name of the queue control file
       queue_lock_file          D   str %P
                                name of the queue lock file
       queue_status_file        D   str status.%P
                                name of the queue status file
       queue_unspooler_file     D   str unspooler.%P
                                name of the queue unspooler status file
       remote_support           A   str NULL
                                if non-null, specifies allowed operations to remote queue.
                                R=lpr, M=lprm, Q=lpq, V = lpq -v, C=lpc.  For example,
                                remote_support=RM would only allow LPR and LPRM operations.
       remove_z     D           str null
                                remove these options from the control file Z line
       report_server_as         A   str NULL
                                use the str value as the name of the server when reporting
                                LPQ or LPC status.
       require_explicit_q       Require a queue to be specified, do not use default



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PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


                                queue from printcap.
       retry_econnrefused       A   bool    true
                                if set, retry a connection to a remote system when an
                                ECONNREFUSED error is returned.
       retry_nolink D           bool    true
                                if LPD is sending a job or opening a device for
                                printing and the value is true, then the connection or
                                device open is repeated indefinately.
       return_short_status      D   str NULL
                                Some legacy (non-LPRng) LPQ programs expect 'short' status
                                to be returned.  This option allows you to specify which hosts
                                will get it.  The value is a list of hosts and/or IPaddresses
                                and masks to which the LPD server will provide short status.
                                For example:  return_short_status=192.8.0.0/16 will make LPD
                                return short status to all requests from hosts in subnet
                                192.8.0.0.  (See short_status_length)
       reuse_addr   A           bool    false
                                if set, use SO_REUSEADDR on outgoing connection ports.
                                This reduces the problems with exhausting port numbers.
                                (usually only in lpd.conf)
       reverse_lpq_status       D   str NULL
                                When a lpq status request arrives from one of the specified
                                hosts or IP addresses,  then the LPQ status format is inverted.
                                For example, if  reverse_lpq_status=host*,127.0.0.0/8,
                                then when a LONG status request arrives from host1 or from
                                ip address 127.0.0.1,  the SHORT status will be returned.
       reverse_priority_order   D   bool    false
                                Make highest priority A, lowest Z
       rf  D   str  NULL        filter for printing FORTRAN style text files
       rg  A   str  NULL        (restrict to group members)
                                Restrict use of queue to users which are members of
                                specified groups.
       rm  A   str  NULL        remote-queue machine (hostname) (with rp)
       router  D    str         NULL    script that dynamically re-routes a job
                                (see README.routing)
       rp  A   str  NULL        remote-queue printer name (with rm)
       rw  D   bool false       open the printer for reading and writing
       safe_chars   D           str NULL
                                additional safe characters for control file contents
       save_on_error            D   bool    false
                                Save job when an error occurs to allow post-mortem
                                diagnostics or reprinting.  This should only be set on
                                print queues.  It is also a diagnostic aid.
       save_when_done           D   bool    false
                                Save job when done (printed, transferred) to allow
                                retry at a later time.  This should only be set on
                                print queues.  It is also a diagnostic aid.
       sb  D   bool false       short banner (one line only)
       sd  A   str  NULL        spool directory (only ONE printer per directory!)
       send_block_format        A   bool    false
                                Use the LPRng extended 'block job' job transmission
                                method to send a job to a remote site.
       send_data_first          A   bool    false   send data files then control files
                                when sending a job to a remote host.



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PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


       send_failure_action      D   str "remove"
                                Action on print or transmission failure after send_try
                                attempts; use the following codes:
                                'success' (JSUCC)  - treat as successful
                                'abort'   (JABORT) - abort printer
                                'retry'   (JRETRY) - retry job
                                'remove'  (JREMOVE)- remove job
                                'hold'    (JHOLD)  - hold job
                                If the value is "|/filter", the filter will be run and
                                the number of attempts can be read from standard input.
                                The filter should exit with one of the error codes listed
                                above to cause the appropriate action.
       send_job_rw_timeout      A   num 6000
                                timeout on read/write operations when sending job to
                                printer or remote host (0 value is no timeout)
       send_query_rw_timeout    A   num 6000
                                timeout on read/write operations when performin a status
                                operation (0 value is no timeout)
       send_try     A           num 3
                                number of times to try sending
                                or printing a job. 0 is infinite.
       sendmail     D           str /usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -t
                                sendmail command to send mail to user.  Flags must be set
                                so that address and other information is taken from
                                standard input.
       server  A    bool        false   printcap entry for server only
       server_auth_command      A   str NULL
                                authentication command for server program
       server_tmp_dir           D   str /tmp
                                temporary directory for server to create files when there
                                is no spool directory.
       server_user  D           str daemon  server user name used in authentication operations
       sf  D   bool true        suppress form feed separators between job files
       sh  D   bool false       suppress headers and/or banner page
       shell   D    str         /bin/sh
                                SHELL enviornment variable value for filters
       short_status_length      D   num 1
                                If the return_short_status value is used and has a match against
                                a requesting address, this amount of status is set by the
                                short_status_length option.  For most legacy systems a 1 is
                                suitable (1 line of status).
       socket_linger            A   num 10
                                if nonzero, forces a SO_LINGER operation to be done
                                on all TCP/IP connections.  This usually corrects a problem
                                with missing last data transmissions to remote hosts.
       spool_dir_perms          D   num 042700  permissions for spool directory
       spool_file_perms         D   num 0600    permissions for spool file
       ss  D   str  NULL        name of queue that server serves (with sv)
       ssl_XXX D    str         NULL
                                SSL authentication and encryption options.
                                See lprng_certs(1) for details.
       ssl_ca_file  str         A   /etc/lpd/ssl.ca/ca.crt
                                SSL signing certificate file
       ssl_ca_path  str         A   NULL



LPRng                      LPRng-3.9.0                         10





PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


                                SSL signing certificate directory. Default is
                                directory containing ssl_ca_file.
       ssl_server_cert          str A   /etc/lpd/ssl.server/server.crt
                                SSL server certificate
       ssl_server_password      str A   @SSL_SERVER_PASSWORD@
                                SSL server certificate password
       stalled_time D           num 120
                                Time after which to report an active job as stalled
       stop_on_abort            D   bool    true
                                Stop processing queue when print filter aborts.
       stty    D    str         NULL    stty settings for serial connected printer
       suspend_of_filter        D   bool    true
                                suspend OF filter and restart.  If false, close filter
                                and start new one for each activity.
       sv  D   str  NULL        names of servers for queue (with ss)
       syslog_device            D   str /dev/console
                                    name of syslog device to use if no syslog facility
       tc  A   str  NULL        reference to a printcap entry to include as part of
                                the current entry.
       tf  D   str  NULL        troff data filter (C/A/T phototypesetter)
       tr  D   str  NULL        trailer string to print when queue empties
       translate_format         D   str NULL
                                translate job format (similar to tr(1) utility)
                                on outgoing jobs.
                                Example: translate_format=pfml
                                p format changed to f, m format to l
       translate_incoming_format    D   str NULL
                                translate job format (similar to tr(1) utility)
                                on incoming jobs.  See translate_format.
       use_date     A           bool    true add date line ('D') to control file
       use_identifier           R   bool    true
                                add job identifier lines ('A') in the control file
       use_info_cache           D   bool    true    cache printcap information
       use_shorthost            R   bool    false
                                use only the hostname for job control
                                and data file names.  Host information in job file
                                will still be fully qualified domain name.
       user    D    str         daemon  LPD effective user (EUID) for SUID operations
       wait_for_eof D           bool    true
                                wait for EOF on input when readable IO device,
                                do not close immediately at job end.
       vf  D   str  NULL        (Versatek) raster image filter

ENTRIES BY FUNCTION
       See the alphabetical listing for detailed information.


       Filters and Page Formats
       Xf  D   str  NULL        output filter for format X (used by lpd)
                                'filter' sets default filter
       cf  D   str  NULL        cifplot data filter
       control_filter           D   str NULL
                                Filter for control file. Used when sending job to remote
                                spool queue.



LPRng                      LPRng-3.9.0                         11





PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


       df  D   str  NULL        tex data filter (DVI format)
       direct_read  D           bool    false
                                if true, filters are given direct access to file.
                                This means no progress indication possible.
       fx  A   str  NULL        valid output filter formats
                                i.e. ``flp'' would allow f, l, and p
                                default is to allow all formats
       gf  D   str  NULL        graph data filter (plot (3X) format)
       if  D   str  NULL        filter command, run on a per-file basis
       lpd_bounce   R           bool    false
                                Forces lpd to filter jobs and then forward them.
                                (See Bounce Queues)
       lpr_bounce   R           bool    false
                                Forces lpr to filter jobs and then send them.
                                (See Bounce Queues)
       nf  D   str  NULL        DITROFF data filter
       of  D   str  NULL        output filter, run once for all output
       pl  D   num  66          page length (in lines)
       pr  D   str  ``/bin/pr'' pr program for p format
       pw  D   num  132         page width (in characters)
       px  D   num  0           page width in pixels (horizontal)
       py  D   num  0           page length in pixels (vertical)
       rf  D   str  NULL        filter for printing FORTRAN style text files
       translate_format         D   str NULL
                                translate job format (similar to tr(1) utility)
                                only valid when transferring to remote spool queue.
                                Example: translate_format=pfml
                                p format changed to f, m format to l
       tf  D   str  NULL        troff data filter (C/A/T phototypesetter)
       vf  D   str  NULL        (Versatek) raster image filter

       Banners
       ab  D   bool false       always print banner, ignore lpr -h option
       be  D   str              banner printing program for end (overrides bp, hl)
       bp  D   str              banner printing program (use hl to print banner at end)
       bs  D   str              banner printing program for start (overrides bp, hl)
       hl  D   bool false       print banner after job instead of before
       sb  D   bool false       short banner (one line only)
       sh  D   bool false       suppress headers and/or banner page, overrides ab

       Accounting
       ae  D   str              accounting format for end of job or a program to run
                       to record accounting information (see also af, la, ar
                                and Accounting).
       af  D   str  NULL        name of accounting file (see also la, ar)
       ar  D   bool true        write remote transfer accounting (if af, and as/ae set)
       as  D   str              accounting format for start of job or a program to run
                       to record accounting information (see also af, la, ar
                                and Accounting).
       la  D   bool true        write local printer accounting (if af is set)

       Queue control
       ah  D   bool false       auto-hold - job held until explicitly released
       bk  R   bool false       backwards-compatible: be strictly RFC-compliant



LPRng                      LPRng-3.9.0                         12





PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


       bkf R   bool false       backwards-compatible filter: use Berkeley filter options
       bqfilter     D           bool    false                                          if a bounce queue (sends jobs to remote site)
                                then when bqfilter true and a format filter is specified,
                                sends data files through format filter before transfer.
                                See also 'qq'.
       cd  D   str  NULL        control information directory for LPD server
       cm  A   str  NULL        comment identifying printer (LPQ)
       fd  D   bool false       if true, no forwarded jobs accepted
       lf  D   str  ``log''     error and debugging log file (LPD)
       longnumber   D           bool    false
                                use 6 digit job numbers
       mc  R   num  1           maximum copies allowed
       ml  R   num  32          minimum printable characters for printable check
       minfree D    str         0   minimum space (Kb) to be left in spool filesystem
                                You can also use nnnM for nnn megabytes.
       mx  R   num  0           maximum job size (1Kb blocks, 0 = unlimited)
       ps  A   str  ''status''  printer status file name
       nw  A   bool false       spool dir is on an NFS file system
                                (take precautions when reading/writing files)
       qq  A   bool false       place queue information in control file. See
                                alphabetical for details.
       rm  A   str  NULL        remote-queue machine (hostname) (with rp)
       rp  A   str  NULL        remote-queue printer name (with rm)
       sd  A   str  NULL        spool directory (only ONE printer per directory!)
       ss  D   str  NULL        name of queue that server serves (with sv)
       sv  D   str  NULL        names of servers for queue (with ss)
       sc  R   bool false       suppress multiple copies
       use_auth     A           str NULL authentication to use
       use_date     A           bool    true add date line ('D') to control file
       use_identifier           R   bool    true
                                add job identifier lines ('A') in the control file
       use_shorthost            R   bool    false                                      use only the hostname for job control
                                and data file names.  Host information in job file
                                will still be fully qualified domain name.

       Connection and Interface to Printer
       db  A   num  0           debug level when using this printer
       connect_interval         A   num 10
                                time between open or connection attempts
       connect_timeout          A   num 10
                                timeout value for connection or open
                                (0 is infinite number)
       ff  D   str  ``\f''      string to send for a form feed (see INITIALIZATION)
       fo  D   bool false       print a form feed when device is opened
       fq  D   bool false       print a form feed when device is closed
       ld  D   str  NULL        leader string printed on printer open (see INITIALIZATION)

       lp  D   str  NULL        device name or pipe to send output to
       lk  D   bool false       lock the lp device to force arbitration
       max_connect_interval     A   num 60
                                maximum time between connection attempts
       nb  D   num  0           if non-zero, do a nonblocking open on lp device
       retry_econnrefused       A   bool    true
                                if set, retry a connection to a remote system when an



LPRng                      LPRng-3.9.0                         13





PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


                                ECONNREFUSED error is returned.
       retry_nolink D           bool    true
                                if LPD is sending a job or opening a device for
                                printing and the value is true, then the connection or
                                device open is repeated indefinately.
       rs  D   num  300         number of seconds between spool queue status scans
       rt  D   num  3           number of times to try printing (0=infinite).
       rw  D   bool false       open the printer for reading and writing
       save_on_error            D   bool    false
                                See above.
       save_when_done           D   bool    false
                                See above.
       send_failure_action      D   str remove
                                See above.
       send_try                 alias for rt
       sf  D   bool true        suppress form feed separators between job files
       socket_linger            A   num 10
                                if nonzero, forces a SO_LINGER operation to be done
                                on all TCP/IP connections.  This usually corrects a problem
                                with missing last data transmissions to remote hosts.
       tr  D   str  NULL        trailer string to print when queue empties

       Serial Line Setup
       br  D   num  none        if lp is a tty, set the baud rate (see ty)
       stty    D    str         NULL    stty commands to set output line characteristics
                                alias is sy, ms
       xs  D   num  0           like `xc' but set bits (see STTY)

       Miscellaneous
       all A   str  NULL        a list of all printers; (see ALL PRINTERS)
       destinations D           str NULL
                                names of printers that lpq/lprm should talk to find
                                a job that has been processed by a router script
                                (see README.routing)
       forward_auth D           str NULL
                                server to server authentication type, e.g. pgp, kerberos
       force_localhost          A   bool    TRUE
                                Forces the clients programs (lpr, lpc, etc.)
                                to send all print jobs and requests to the server running
                                on the localhost entry for action.  This flag effectively
                                forces BSD LPR behaviour.
       force_queuename          A   str NULL
                                See above.
       logger_destination       D   str NULL
                                destination for logging information.  Format is
                                host[%port][,(TCP|UDP)]
       oh  D   str  NULL        Specific printcap entry for host. See above.
       remote_support           A   str RMQC
                                if non-null, specifies allowed operations to remote queue.
                                R=lpr, M=lprm, Q=lpq, C=lpc
       router  D    str         NULL    script that dynamically re-routes a job
                                (see README.routing)
       server  A    bool        false   printcap entry for server only
       server_auth_command      D   str NULL



LPRng                      LPRng-3.9.0                         14





PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


                                authentication command for server to use.
       tc  A   str  NULL        reference to a printcap entry to include as part of
                                the current entry.
       use_auth     D           str NULL
                                client to server authentication type, e.g. pgp, kerberos
       user_auth_command        R   str NULL
                                authentication command for user (client program)


FILTERS
       By convention, all output filter names have the form Xf, where X is the
       lower case letter corresponding to the lpr formatting option.  The fil-
       ter option can specify a default filter for job files.

       The of filter is started for each job and is used to print  the  banner
       page  and any FF separators between individual files of the job.  It is
       sent a special stop sequence by the lpd server, and must suspend opera-
       tions  until  sent a SIGCONT signal.  A file or job filter is run sepa-
       rately for each file; at the end of the job the of filter is  restarted
       and used to print the trailing banner (if any) and FF separators.

       Filters  are  invoked  with  a  standard  set of options defined by the
       bk_filter_options (backwards compatible),  bk_of_filter_options  (back-
       wards  compatible  OF  filter),  and filter_options configuration vari-
       ables.  See the lpd(8) manual page for details.  If the  first  charac-
       ters  of  the filter specification are -$, i.e.- Xf=-$ filter, then the
       command line options are not added.  Currently, the options are:
       bk_filter_options $P $w $l $x $y $F $c $L $i $J $C $0n $0h $-a
       bk_of_filter_options $w $l $x $y
       filter_options $C $F $H $J $L $P $Q $R $Z $a $c $d \
           $e $f $h $i $j $k $l $n $s $w $x $y $-a

SPOOL QUEUES
       Printcap entries which have a spool directory  value  (sd)  are  called
       spool  queues.   Jobs sent to a printer with a spool queue are place in
       the spool directory.  When checking  the  spool  queue  for  jobs,  the
       server  will  check to see if there is a printcap file in the directory
       with the name printcap.host.  If  there  is,  the  additional  printcap
       information is processed and used by the server.

       If  the  spool directory is NFS exported, then remote hosts can manipu-
       late the spool entries directly; this can  have  catastrophic  effects,
       especially  in  systems  where the NFS implementation has defects.  The
       printcap information is particularly  vulnerable  to  exploitation,  as
       well as symbolic links, jobs which cannot be removed, etc.

LOCAL PRINTERS
       Local printers have an lp entry, which is the device that output should
       be sent to, usually a serial port tty.  PLP supplements this  by  using
       the lp field to indicate a remote printer, or by allowing communication
       with the printer using a separate program, known as an lp-pipe, instead
       of  a  serial  line.  If the printcap lp entry contains a string of the
       form printer@host, jobs are forwarded to the specified  remote  printer
       on  the host.  If the printcap lp entry contains a string of the form |



LPRng                      LPRng-3.9.0                         15





PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


       command args , the command command is run, with the  arguments  args  .
       This can be used to communicate with printers connected to network ter-
       minal servers, some TCP/IP-capable printers, and  just  about  anything
       you  can  hack  up a communication program for. Read the PLP Manual for
       more details.

STTY OPTIONS
       The stty printcap parameter recognises a set of  stty(1)  options  that
       can  be  used to set serial line characteristics for the printer.  How-
       ever, due to the differences between implementations of UNIX, there are
       several  sets  of  ty  options supported. Invoke lpd(8) with the ``-v''
       command-line option to see which set your installation is using.

       Systems using the sgtty tty manipulation interface may use the  follow-
       ing stty(1) options:

       bs0             bs1             [-]cbreak       cooked          cr0
       cr1             cr2             cr3             [-]decctlq      [-]echo
       [-]even         ff0             ff1             [-]lcase        [-]litout
       nl0             nl1             nl2             nl3             [-]nl
       [-]noflsh       new             [-]nohang       old             [-]odd
       [-]raw          start           stop            tab0            tab1
       tab2            [-]tabs         [-]tandem       tek             ti700
       [-]tilde        tn300           tty33           tty37           vt05
       [-]evenp        [-]oddp         [-]pass8

       Systems using termio may use the following options:

       [-]ignbrk       [-]brkint       [-]ignpar       [-]parmrk       [-]inpck
       [-]istrip       [-]inlcr        [-]igncr        [-]icrnl        [-]iuclc
       [-]ixon         [-]ixany        [-]ixoff        [-]decctlq      [-]tandem
       [-]imaxbel      [-]opost        [-]olcuc        [-]onlcr        [-]ocrnl
       [-]onocr        [-]onlret       [-]ofill        [-]ofdel        [-]cstopb
       [-]cread        [-]parenb       [-]parodd       [-]hupcl        [-]clocal
       [-]loblk        [-]parity       [-]evenp        [-]oddp         [-]stopb
       [-]hup          [-]crtscts      [-]isig         [-]noisig       [-]icanon
       [-]cbreak       [-]xcase        [-]echo         [-]echoe        [-]echok
       [-]crterase     [-]lfkc         [-]echonl       [-]noflsh       [-]tostop
       [-]echoctl      [-]ctlecho      [-]echoprt      [-]prterase     [-]echoke
       [-]crtkill      [-]lcase        [-]nl           [-]litout       [-]pass8
       [-]raw          [-]sane         [-]cooked       [-]nopost       fill
       nl0             nl1             cr0             cr1             cr2
       cr3             tab0            tab1            tab2            tab3
       bs0             bs1             vt0             vt1             ff0
       ff1             cs5             cs6             cs7             cs8
       nul-fill        del-fill        -tabs

       And systems using termios may use the following options:

       [-]ignbrk       [-]brkint       [-]ignpar       [-]parmrk       [-]inpck
       [-]istrip       [-]inlcr        [-]igncr        [-]icrnl        [-]iuclc
       [-]ixon         [-]ixany        [-]ixoff        [-]imaxbel      [-]pass8
       [-]opost        [-]olcuc        [-]onlcr        [-]ocrnl        [-]onocr
       [-]onlret       [-]ofill        [-]ofdel        [-]tabs         nl0



LPRng                      LPRng-3.9.0                         16





PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


       nl1             cr0             cr1             cr2             cr3
       tab0            tab1            tab2            tab3            bs0
       bs1             vt0             vt1             ff0             ff1
       cs5             cs6             cs7             cs8             [-]cstopb
       [-]cread        [-]parenb       [-]parodd       [-]hupcl        [-]clocal
       [-]crtscts      [-]evenp        [-]parity       [-]oddp         [-]pass8
       [-]isig         [-]icanon       [-]xcase        [-]echo         [-]echoe
       [-]echok        [-]echonl       [-]noflsh       [-]tostop       [-]iexten
       [-]echoctl      [-]ctlecho      [-]echoprt      [-]prterase     [-]echoke
       [-]crtkill      [-]flusho       [-]pendin

       The fc , fs , xc , and xs printcap entries are obsolete, and if present
       with non-zero values will abort print job processing.

INITIALIZATION
       Many printers require an initialization string to be sent  to  them  in
       order  to  configure their operation.  The leader (ld) and trailer (tr)
       strings are sent at the start and end of job processing.  These strings
       are  interpreted  using the C language conventions for character repre-
       sentation: \nnn is replaced with a character with  the  value  nnn,  \n
       with a new line, \r with a carriage return, and so forth.

ALL PRINTERS
       The  LPRng  software  has  the  capability to use a remote database for
       obtaining printcap and other  information.   One  of  the  difficulties
       arises when a list of all printers available is needed.  By convention,
       the special printer name all is reserved for this information; the  all
       field  is  a  list of printers separated by spaces or punctuation.  For
       example:

       #all printers
       all:all=lp1,lp2,lp3,lp4

ACCOUNTING
       Accounting in the LPRng package has evolved over  time  to  accommodate
       new  requirements.   The general approach is to use either a simple log
       to file method in which the accounting information is written to a  log
       file  or  a  more complex log to program method in which the accounting
       information is written to a program.  The information  and  method  and
       actions taken are specified by the following entries:
       :as  - start of job accounting
       :ae  - end of job accounting
       :af  - default job accounting
       :achk - used accounting for authorization.

       The  value of the :as and :ae options are either a string which is used
       as the accounting information or a program which is executed to log  or
       save  the  accounting  information.   If a program is executed then the
       value of the :af entry is ignored and the program is run to record  the
       job accounting information.  For example:
       # string for information logging
       :as=jobend $H $n $P $k $b $t
       :ae=jobstart $H $n $P $k $b $t




LPRng                      LPRng-3.9.0                         17





PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


       :as=|/usr/local/libexec/logjobstart $H $n $P $k $b $t
       :ae=|/usr/local/libexec/logjobend $H $n $P $k $b $t

       If the :as or :ae value is a string then the :af information is used to
       record the accounting information:
       af=|/path    - run program, :as or :ae written to
                      program STDIN
       af=host%port - tcp/ip connection to port on host,
                      :as or :ae written to connection
       af=path      - treat path as a file pathname,
                      if file exists append :as or :ae
                      to file.

       If the :achk flag is set then this is modified as follows.
       If the :as entry specifies a program or :af entry specifies a
       program or remote host (i.e. - logging using program) then
       after accounting information has been written to the
       program or connection a response will be read from the program
       STDOUT or the connection.
       This reponse is expected to be an ASCII string.
       If the line is blank or starts with ACCEPT then the job will be printed,
       HOLD will hold the job,  REMOVE will remove the job,
       and ABORT or a non-recognizable response will cause printing to be aborted.

       If the output is written to a program then the exit status
       of the program can be used as well.
       If the program exits with nonzero status then the
       exit code controls the disposition:
       JHOLD, JREMOVE, and JABORT will hold, remove,
       or abort the job respectively.
       If the exit status is 0, then
       the filter's STDOUT will be read and processed as described above.

BOUNCE QUEUES AND PRINT FORMATS
       If the lp option value has the format :lp=pr@host or job forwarding  is
       specified  by  :rp=pr:rm=host  then  the  normal operation is simple to
       store and forward the print jobs.  If filters are  specified  then  the
       job files are first filtered and then the output of the filters is sent
       to the destination.  For historical reasons, a spool  queue  that  does
       filtering   and   forwarding   is   called   a   bounce   queue.    The
       bounce_queue_format (default 'f') specifies the output for the filtered
       files.   If  this  is not desireable the translate_format option can be
       used to specify a format.  The option has the form SdSdSdN, where S  is
       the  original format and d is the final format.  If none of the formats
       match and there is an odd number of formats then the last one is  used.
       For example, pfmlf would convert formats p to f, m to l, and v to f.

       The  :lpd_bounce  flag  concatenate  the  output of the filters and the
       result will be sent as a single job  file  to  the  destination.   This
       facility is useful when handling legacy print spooler applications that
       do not understand the RFC1179 copy, etc., options.  The first letter of
       the  bounce_queue_format  (default 'f') is used as the output file for-
       mat.




LPRng                      LPRng-3.9.0                         18





PRINTCAP(5)                                           PRINTCAP(5)


       The lpr_bounce printcap flag can be used to  cause  LPR  to  do  bounce
       queue  filtering in exactly the same manner as the server.  This should
       be used with caution as missing filters on the client system can  cause
       unexpected behaviour.

KERBEROS, PGP, AND OTHER AUTHENTICATION METHODS
       LPRng  supports  built in kerberos authentication.  To enable this, the
       LPD protocol has been extended to provide a way to  transfer  authenti-
       cated  and/or  encrypted jobs and commands.  The details are covered in
       the LPRng HOWTO documentation.

       Also, SSL can be used.  See lprng_certs(1) for details.

FILES
       The files used by LPRng are set by values in the printer  configuration
       file.  The following are a commonly used set of default values.
       /etc/LPRng/lpd.conf                          LPRng configuration file
       ${HOME}/.printcap                            user printer description file
       /etc/printcap                                printer description file
       /etc/LPRng/lpd.perms                         permissions
       /var/run/lpd                                 lock file for queue control
       /var/spool/lpd                               spool directories
       /var/spool/lpd/QUEUE/control                 queue control
       /var/spool/lpd/QUEUE/log                     trace or debug log file
       /var/spool/lpd/QUEUE/acct                    accounting file
       /var/spool/lpd/QUEUE/status                  status file

SEE ALSO
       lpd.conf(5),  lpc(8),  lpd(8),  checkpc(8),  lpr(1),  lpq(1),  lprm(1),
       lpd.perms(5), pr(1), lprng_certs(1), lprng_index_certs(1).

DIAGNOSTICS
       Most of the diagnostics are self explanatory.
       If you are puzzled over the exact cause of failure,
       set the debugging level on (-D5) and run again.
       The debugging information will
       help you to pinpoint the exact cause of failure.

HISTORY
       LPRng is a enhanced printer spooler system with  functionality  similar
       to   the   Berkeley   LPR   software.    The   LPRng  mailing  list  is
       lprng@lprng.com; subscribe by sending mail  to  lprng-request@lprng.com
       with  the  word  subscribe in the body.  The software is available from
       ftp://ftp.lprng.com/pub/LPRng.

AUTHOR
       Patrick Powell <papowell@lprng.com>.










LPRng                      LPRng-3.9.0                         19


