GNU LilyPond Handbuch zum Lernen: A.4 Vocal ensembles

## A.4 Vocal ensembles

### A.4.1 SATB vocal score

Dieses Beispiel ist für vierstimmigen Gesang (SATB). Bei größeren Stücken ist es oft sinnvoll, eine allgemeine Variable zu bestimmen, die in allen Stimmen eingefügt wird. Taktart und Vorzeichen etwa sind fast immer gleich in allen Stimmen.

>     global = {
>       \key c \major
>       \time 4/4
>     }

>     sopMusic = \relative c'' {
>       c4 c c8[( b)] c4
>     }
>     sopWords = \lyricmode {
>       hi hi hi hi
>     }

>     altoMusic = \relative c' {
>       e4 f d e
>     }
>     altoWords = \lyricmode {
>       ha ha ha ha
>     }

>     tenorMusic = \relative c' {
>       g4 a f g
>     }
>     tenorWords = \lyricmode {
>       hu hu hu hu
>     }

>     bassMusic = \relative c {
>       c4 c g c
>     }
>     bassWords = \lyricmode {
>       ho ho ho ho
>     }

>     \score {
>       \new ChoirStaff <<
>         \new Lyrics = sopranos { s1 }
>         \new Staff = women <<
>           \new Voice = "sopranos" {
>             \voiceOne
>             << \global \sopMusic >>
>           }
>           \new Voice = "altos" {
>             \voiceTwo
>             << \global \altoMusic >>
>           }
>         >>
>         \new Lyrics = "altos" { s1 }
>         \new Lyrics = "tenors" { s1 }
>         \new Staff = men <<
>           \clef bass
>           \new Voice = "tenors" {
>             \voiceOne
>             << \global \tenorMusic >>
>           }
>           \new Voice = "basses" {
>             \voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >>
>           }
>         >>
>         \new Lyrics = basses { s1 }
>         \context Lyrics = sopranos \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
>         \context Lyrics = altos \lyricsto altos \altoWords
>         \context Lyrics = tenors \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
>         \context Lyrics = basses \lyricsto basses \bassWords
>       >>
>       \layout {
>         \context {
>           % a little smaller so lyrics
>           % can be closer to the staff
>           \Staff
>           \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
>         }
>       }
>     }

### A.4.2 SATB vocal score and automatic piano reduction

In diesem Beispiel wird ein automatischer Klavierauszug zu der Chorpartitur hinzugefügt. Das zeigt eine der Stärken von LilyPond – man kann eine Variable mehr als einmal benutzen. Wenn Sie irgendeine Änderung an einer Chorstimme vornehmen, (etwa tenorMusic), verändert sich auch der Klavierauszug entsprechend.

>     global = {
>       \key c \major
>       \time 4/4
>     }

>     sopMusic = \relative c'' {
>       c4 c c8[( b)] c4
>     }
>     sopWords = \lyricmode {
>       hi hi hi hi
>     }

>     altoMusic = \relative c' {
>       e4 f d e
>     }
>     altoWords =\lyricmode {
>       ha ha ha ha
>     }

>     tenorMusic = \relative c' {
>       g4 a f g
>     }
>     tenorWords = \lyricmode {
>       hu hu hu hu
>     }

>     bassMusic = \relative c {
>       c4 c g c
>     }
>     bassWords = \lyricmode {
>       ho ho ho ho
>     }

>     \score {
>       <<
>         \new ChoirStaff <<
>           \new Lyrics = sopranos { s1 }
>           \new Staff = women <<
>             \new Voice = sopranos { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
>             \new Voice = altos { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
>           >>
>           \new Lyrics = altos { s1 }
>           \new Lyrics = tenors { s1 }
>           \new Staff = men <<
>             \clef bass
>             \new Voice = tenors { \voiceOne <<\global \tenorMusic >> }
>             \new Voice = basses { \voiceTwo <<\global \bassMusic >> }
>           >>
>           \new Lyrics = basses { s1 }
>           \context Lyrics = sopranos \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
>           \context Lyrics = altos \lyricsto altos \altoWords
>           \context Lyrics = tenors \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
>           \context Lyrics = basses \lyricsto basses \bassWords
>         >>
>         \new PianoStaff <<
>           \new Staff <<
>             \set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
>             \partcombine
>             << \global \sopMusic >>
>             << \global \altoMusic >>
>           >>
>           \new Staff <<
>             \clef bass
>             \set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
>             \partcombine
>             << \global \tenorMusic >>
>             << \global \bassMusic >>
>           >>
>         >>
>       >>
>       \layout {
>         \context {
>           % a little smaller so lyrics
>           % can be closer to the staff
>           \Staff
>           \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
>         }
>       }
>     }

### A.4.3 SATB with aligned contexts

In diesem Beispiel werden die Texte mit den Befehlen `alignAboveContext` und `alignBelowContext` über und unter dem System angeordnet.

>     global = {
>       \key c \major
>       \time 4/4
>     }

>     sopMusic = \relative c'' {
>       c4 c c8[( b)] c4
>     }
>     sopWords = \lyricmode {
>       hi hi hi hi
>     }

>     altoMusic = \relative c' {
>       e4 f d e
>     }
>     altoWords = \lyricmode {
>       ha ha ha ha
>     }

>     tenorMusic = \relative c' {
>       g4 a f g
>     }
>     tenorWords = \lyricmode {
>       hu hu hu hu
>     }

>     bassMusic = \relative c {
>       c4 c g c
>     }
>     bassWords = \lyricmode {
>       ho ho ho ho
>     }

>     \score {
>       \new ChoirStaff <<
>         \new Staff = women <<
>           \new Voice = "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
>           \new Voice = "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
>         >>
>         \new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = women } \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
>         \new Lyrics \with { alignBelowContext = women } \lyricsto altos \altoWords
>         % we could remove the line about this with the line below, since we want
>         % the alto lyrics to be below the alto Voice anyway.
>         % \new Lyrics \lyricsto altos \altoWords

>         \new Staff = men <<
>           \clef bass
>           \new Voice = "tenors" { \voiceOne << \global \tenorMusic >> }
>           \new Voice = "basses" { \voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >> }
>         >>
>         \new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = men } \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
>         \new Lyrics \with { alignBelowContext = men } \lyricsto basses \bassWords
>         % again, we could replace the line above this with the line below.
>         % \new Lyrics \lyricsto basses \bassWords
>       >>
>       \layout {
>         \context {
>           % a little smaller so lyrics
>           % can be closer to the staff
>           \Staff
>           \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
>         }
>       }
>     }

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